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Caxton's Book
Caxton's Book

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Caxton's Book is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Caxton's Book
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.
Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.
The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.
At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.
One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Caxton's Book

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Caxton's Book is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.
/aɪ mʌst ɪkˈsept ˌhaʊˈevər ðə əˈtempt tuː ɪkˈsplɔːr æn ˈækwədʌkt wɪtʃ wiː meɪd təˈɡeðər/
Line 2
Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.
/wɪˈðɪn ɪt wɑːz ˈpɜːrfəktli dɑːrk ənd wiː kʊd nɑːt muːv wɪˈθaʊt ˈkændəlz/
Line 3
The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.
/ðə saɪdz wɜːr ʌv smuːð stoʊnz əˈbaʊt fɔːr fiːt haɪ ənd ðə ruːf wɑːz meɪd baɪ stoʊnz ˈlæpɪŋ ˈoʊvər laɪk ðə ˈkɔːrɪdərz ʌv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz/
Line 4
At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.
Line 5
One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aqueduct noun US /ˈækwədʌkt/

a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley

From this reading “"I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.”

arranging noun US /ərˈeɪndʒɪŋ/

the act of arranging and adapting a piece of music

From this reading “One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.”

blocked adjective US /blɑːkt/

closed to traffic

From this reading “At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.”

corridors noun US /ˈkɔːrɪdərz/

plural of “corridor” — an enclosed passageway; rooms usually open onto it

From this reading “The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.”

drawings noun US /ˈdrɔːɪŋz/

plural of “drawing” — an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading “One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.”

explore verb US /ɪkˈsplɔːr/

inquire into

From this reading “"I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.”

lapping noun US /ˈlæpɪŋ/

covering with a design in which one element covers a part of another (as with tiles or shingles)

From this reading “The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.”

unusually adverb US /əˈnjuːʒuːəli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading “One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

main entrance adjective + noun

In this reading “One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.”

short distance adjective + noun

In this reading “At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.”

sixty feet adjective + noun counted as “sixty foot”

In this reading “At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.”

smooth stones adjective + noun counted as “smooth stone”

In this reading “The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.”

four feet noun + noun counted as “four foot”

In this reading “The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.”

into the corridor preposition + article + noun counted as “into … corridor”

In this reading “One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.”

toward evening preposition + noun

In this reading “One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

aqueductnounUS /ˈækwədʌkt/

a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

arrangingnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒɪŋ/

the act of arranging and adapting a piece of music

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

basso-rilievo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

blockedadjectiveUS /blɑːkt/

closed to traffic

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

candlesnounUS /ˈkændəlz/

plural of “candle” — stick of wax with a wick in the middle

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

CHIAPAS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

corridornounUS /ˈkɔːrədər/

an enclosed passageway; rooms usually open onto it

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

corridorsnounUS /ˈkɔːrɪdərz/

plural of “corridor” — an enclosed passageway; rooms usually open onto it

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

drawingsnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋz/

plural of “drawing” — an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

exploreverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːr/

inquire into

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

INCIDENTSnounUS /ˈɪnsədənts/

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

lappingnounUS /ˈlæpɪŋ/

covering with a design in which one element covers a part of another (as with tiles or shingles)

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

ornamenting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

Pio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

shoulderverbUS /ˈʃoʊldər/

lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

TRAVELverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

unusuallyadverbUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading At a short distance from the entrance, the passage turned to the left, and at a distance of one hundred and sixty feet it was completely blocked up by the ruins of the roof which had fallen down."--INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL IN CHIAPAS.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The sides were of smooth stones, about four feet high, and the roof was made by stones lapping over like the corridors of the buildings.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading One day I had been unusually busy in arranging my drawings and forming them into something like system, and toward evening, had taken my seat, as I always did, just in front of the large _basso-rilievo_ ornamenting the main entrance into the corridor of the palace, when Pio approached me from behind and laid his hand upon my shoulder.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "I must except, however, the attempt to explore an aqueduct, which we made together.

WithinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Within, it was perfectly dark, and we could not move without candles.

Chapter 4 of Caxton's Book by W. H. (William Henry) Rhodes holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Caxton's Book contain?

Chapter 4 holds 135 sentences of Caxton's Book, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Caxton's Book by W. H. (William Henry) Rhodes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Caxton's Book?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Caxton's Book

Common questions about reading Caxton's Book by W. H. (William Henry) Rhodes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Caxton's Book?

Yes. All 3533 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Caxton's Book is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32761, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Caxton's Book take to read?

About 294 minutes of reading across 707 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Caxton's Book section by section

How to work through Caxton's Book section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Caxton's Book to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Caxton's Book

Words and structures a reader meets early in Caxton's Book, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Passages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caxton's Book; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caxton's Book; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surrounded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caxton's Book; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Caxton's Book; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.