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Cædwalla
Cædwalla

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Cædwalla is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cædwalla
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FRANK COWPER, M.A.
H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.
_Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.
The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.
The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cædwalla

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Cædwalla is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FRANK COWPER, M.A.
Line 2
H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.
Line 3
_Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.
Line 4
The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.
Line 5
The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.
/ðə əˈθɔːrətiz fɔːr ðɪs ˈpɪriəd ɑːr biːd ənd ðə ˈsæksən ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Battalion noun US /bəˈtæljən/

an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading “_Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.”

Beatrice's noun US /ˈbiːətrɪsɪz/

possessive form of “beatrice” — the woman who guided Dante through Paradise in the Divine Comedy

Bede noun US /biːd/

(Roman Catholic Church) English monk and scholar (672-735)

From this reading “The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.”

cowper noun US /ˈkaʊpər/

English surgeon who discovered Cowper's gland (1666-1709)

From this reading “FRANK COWPER, M.A.”

historically adverb US /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəli/

throughout history

From this reading “The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.”

truthful adjective US /ˈtruːθfəl/

expressing or given to expressing the truth

From this reading “The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.”

Volunteer verb US /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/

tell voluntarily

From this reading “_Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.”

Wight noun US /waɪt/

a human being; “wight” is an archaic term

From this reading “_Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.”

young people adjective + noun

In this reading “The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.”

many difficulties adjective + noun counted as “many difficulty”

In this reading “The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.”

In writing preposition + noun

written or drawn or engraved

In this reading “The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

5th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FRANK COWPER, M.A.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.

BattalionnounUS /bəˈtæljən/

an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

BATTENBERG

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

Beatrice'snounUS /ˈbiːətrɪsɪz/

possessive form of “beatrice” — the woman who guided Dante through Paradise in the Divine Comedy

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

BedenounUS /biːd/

(Roman Catholic Church) English monk and scholar (672-735)

From this reading The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

ChroniclenounUS /ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl/

A detailed written record of historical events in order. (Sử ký, biên niên sử lịch sử.)

From this reading The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

COWPERnounUS /ˈkaʊpər/

English surgeon who discovered Cowper's gland (1666-1709)

From this reading FRANK COWPER, M.A.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

FRANKadjectiveUS /fræŋk/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading FRANK COWPER, M.A.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.

Hants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

HENRYnounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.

historicallyadverbUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəli/

throughout history

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

Hon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

IslenounUS /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

KnounUS /keɪ/

the basic unit of thermodynamic temperature adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading FRANK COWPER, M.A.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

PRINCEnounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.

PrincessnounUS /ˈprɪn.ses/

The daughter of a monarch; a female member of a royal family.

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading H.R.H. PRINCE HENRY OF BATTENBERG, K.G.

RegimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

SaxonnounUS /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.

seventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

suitableadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtəbəl/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The authorities for this period are Bede and the Saxon Chronicle.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

truthfuladjectiveUS /ˈtruːθfəl/

expressing or given to expressing the truth

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

VolunteerverbUS /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/

tell voluntarily

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

WightnounUS /waɪt/

a human being; “wight” is an archaic term

From this reading _Hon. Colonel 5th (Isle of Wight "Princess Beatrice’s") Volunteer Battalion.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The Hants Regiment._ *PREFACE.* In writing a story of the Isle of Wight in the seventh century, which shall at the same time be suitable for young people as well as historically truthful, there are many difficulties.

Chapter 1 of Cædwalla by Frank Cowper holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Cædwalla contain?

Chapter 1 holds 408 sentences of Cædwalla, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Cædwalla by Frank Cowper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Cædwalla?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cædwalla

Common questions about reading Cædwalla by Frank Cowper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cædwalla?

Yes. All 3886 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53726 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cædwalla is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53726, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cædwalla take to read?

About 323 minutes of reading across 778 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cædwalla section by section

How to work through Cædwalla section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Cædwalla to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cædwalla

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cædwalla, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frank
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cædwalla; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cowper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cædwalla; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prince
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cædwalla; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cædwalla; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.