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Cædwalla
Cædwalla

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Cædwalla is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cædwalla
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.
But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.
The common was on fire.
Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.
Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cædwalla

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Cædwalla is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.
/ðə men keɪm ɪn ənd ɔːl ðə fɔːrs wɑːz drɔːn ʌp ˈredi tuː rɪˈpel ˈeni ˈsʌdən ˈɑːnset/
Line 2
But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.
Line 3
The common was on fire.
/ðə ˈkɑːmən wɑːz ɑːn ˈfaɪər/
Line 4
Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.
/ˈvɑːljuːmz ʌv smoʊk bɪˈɡæn tuː draɪv əˈkrɔːs ðer ˈfeɪsəz ðə ˈætməsfɪr wɑːz ˈstaɪflɪŋ/
Line 5
Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.
/əˈhed ʌv ðem ðeɪ kʊd siː ðə hoʊl ˈkɑːmən ɪn ə red bleɪz bɪˈhaɪnd ðem ðə fleɪmz wɜːr ˈbɜːrstɪŋ aʊt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blaze noun US /bleɪz/

a strong flame that burns brightly

From this reading “Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.”

bursting verb US /ˈbɜːrstɪŋ/

-ing form of “burst” — come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading “Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.”

crackling noun US /ˈkræklɪŋ/

the residue that remains after animal fat has been rendered

From this reading “But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.”

flames noun US /fleɪmz/

plural of “flame” — the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke

From this reading “Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.”

onset noun US /ˈɑːnset/

the beginning or early stages

From this reading “The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.”

repel verb US /rɪˈpel/

cause to move back by force or influence

From this reading “The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.”

stifling noun US /ˈstaɪflɪŋ/

forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority

From this reading “Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.”

Volumes noun US /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading “Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

east side noun + noun

the side that is on the east

In this reading “But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.”

bursting out verb + adjective counted as “burst out”

give sudden release to an expression

In this reading “Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.”

from the north preposition + article + noun counted as “from … north”

In this reading “But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.”

all round adjective + noun

In this reading “But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.”

came in verb + particle counted as “come in”

to come or go into

In this reading “The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

AheadadverbUS /əˈhed/

at or in the front

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

blazenounUS /bleɪz/

a strong flame that burns brightly

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

burstingverbUS /ˈbɜːrstɪŋ/

-ing form of “burst” — come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

cracklingnounUS /ˈkræklɪŋ/

the residue that remains after animal fat has been rendered

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The common was on fire.

flamesnounUS /fleɪmz/

plural of “flame” — the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

gorse-covered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The common was on fire.

onsetnounUS /ˈɑːnset/

the beginning or early stages

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

repelverbUS /rɪˈpel/

cause to move back by force or influence

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

stiflingnounUS /ˈstaɪflɪŋ/

forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But no enemy appeared; all was as silent as the grave, save that a sharp crackling could be heard all round, from the north to the east side of the gorse-covered common.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

VolumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Volumes of smoke began to drive across their faces, the atmosphere was stifling.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The men came in, and all the force was drawn up ready to repel any sudden onset.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Ahead of them they could see the whole common in a red blaze; behind them the flames were bursting out.

Chapter 8 of Cædwalla by Frank Cowper holds 437 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Cædwalla contain?

Chapter 8 holds 437 sentences of Cædwalla, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Cædwalla by Frank Cowper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 437 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Cædwalla?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cædwalla

Common questions about reading Cædwalla by Frank Cowper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cædwalla?

Yes. All 3886 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53726 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cædwalla is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53726, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cædwalla take to read?

About 323 minutes of reading across 778 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cædwalla section by section

How to work through Cædwalla section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Cædwalla to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cædwalla

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cædwalla, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frank
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cædwalla; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cowper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cædwalla; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prince
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cædwalla; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cædwalla; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.