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Celebrated Crimes (Complete)
Celebrated Crimes (Complete)

Chapter VIII

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Context Illustration Reading 1/131 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.
There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.
But Siena was under the protection of the French.
Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.
Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Celebrated Crimes (Complete)

Chapter VIII

Reading 1/131 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.
Line 2
There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.
Line 3
But Siena was under the protection of the French.
Line 4
Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.
Line 5
Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.”

Besides preposition US /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading “Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.”

Continued noun US /ˈcontinued/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.”

Therefore adverb US /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading “Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.”

Towards preposition US /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading “The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “But Siena was under the protection of the French.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.”

Whatever determiner US /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading “The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

abandoned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

accordingly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

attempt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

Baglione

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

BesidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.

blow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Siena was under the protection of the French.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

Caesar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

Castello

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

Church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.

Citta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

content

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

continuednounUS /ˈcontinued/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

di

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

Duke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

fled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

former

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

French

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Siena was under the protection of the French.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

Gian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

insisting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

joined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

latter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

league

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

leaving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

Lucca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

Pandolfo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

Paolo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

Perugia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

Petrucci

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

Petrucci's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

protection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Siena was under the protection of the French.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

remaining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

resistance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

retiring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

rights

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.

road

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

seized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

shut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

Siena

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

States

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides, Siena was not one of the States of the Church, and Caesar had no rights there.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

striking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

towns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading But Siena was under the protection of the French.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

Valentinois

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

Vitelli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Therefore he was content with insisting upon Pandolfo Petrucci’s leaving the town and retiring to Lucca, which he accordingly did.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There still remained Siena, where Pandolfo Petrucci was shut up, the only man remaining of all who had joined the league against Caesar.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The Duke of Valentinois had continued, his road towards Citta di Castello and Perugia, and had seized these two towns without striking a blow; for the Vitelli had fled from the former, and the latter had been abandoned by Gian Paolo Baglione with no attempt whatever at resistance.