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Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18
Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.
If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.
It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.
It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.
But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.
Line 2
If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.
Line 3
It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.
Line 4
It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.
/ɪt ɡoʊz ˈsloʊər ənd ˈsloʊər wɪð iːtʃ rɪˈtɜːrn ənd ˈkɑːntrækts ðə dɪˈmenʃənz ʌv ɪts ɪˈlɪptɪkəl ˈdʒɜːrni prɑːˈɡresɪvli/
Line 5
But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.
/bʌt ɪt mʌst biː rɪˈmembərd ðæt ðɪs ɪz wʌn ʌv ðə kloʊs ˈkɑːməts ðæt ˈnevər ɡets wel aʊt ʌv ðə ˈsoʊlər doʊˈmeɪn ɪn wɪtʃ ˈaʊər ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈplænəts floʊt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comet noun US /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading “The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.”

comet's noun US /ˈkɑːməts/

possessive form of “comet” — (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading “The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.”

comets noun US /ˈkɑːməts/

plural of “comet” — (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading “But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.”

contracts noun US /ˈkɑːntrækts/

plural of “contract” — a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

From this reading “It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.”

elliptical adjective US /ɪˈlɪptɪkəl/

rounded like an egg

From this reading “It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.”

progressively adverb US /prɑːˈɡresɪvli/

advancing in amount or intensity

From this reading “It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.”

solar adjective US /ˈsoʊlər/

relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun

From this reading “But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.”

strikingly adverb US /ˈstraɪkɪŋli/

in a striking manner

From this reading “The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

checkedadjectiveUS /tʃekt/

patterned with alternating squares of color

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

CometnounUS /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

comet'snounUS /ˈkɑːməts/

possessive form of “comet” — (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

cometsnounUS /ˈkɑːməts/

plural of “comet” — (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

contractsnounUS /ˈkɑːntrækts/

plural of “contract” — a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

dimensionsnounUS /dɪˈmenʃənz/

plural of “dimension” — the magnitude of something in a particular direction (especially length or width or height)

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

domainnounUS /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

ellipticaladjectiveUS /ɪˈlɪptɪkəl/

rounded like an egg

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

Encke's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

feelsnounUS /fiːlz/

plural of “feel” — an intuitive awareness

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

floatverbUS /floʊt/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

getsnounUS /ɡets/

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

illustrateverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

motionsnounUS /ˈmoʊʃənz/

plural of “motion” — the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

planetsnounUS /ˈplænəts/

plural of “planet” — (astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

progressivelyadverbUS /prɑːˈɡresɪvli/

advancing in amount or intensity

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

resistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

sloweradverbUS /ˈsloʊər/

more slowly

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

solaradjectiveUS /ˈsoʊlər/

relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

strikinglyadverbUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋli/

in a striking manner

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It is found, however, that Encke's Comet does indicate the presence of some such resistance.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

vapournoun

a visible suspension in the air of particles of some substance

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

voidness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The comet's motions strikingly illustrate the almost absolute voidness of space.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

wavedverbUS /weɪvd/

past form of “wave” — signal with the hands or nod

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But it must be remembered, that this is one of the close comets that never gets well out of the solar domain in which our neighbouring planets float.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It goes slower and slower with each return, and contracts the dimensions of its elliptical journey progressively.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If the thin vapour experienced any resistance while moving, its free passage would be checked, although that resistance was many thousand times less than the one the hand feels when waved in the air.

Chapter 2 of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 by Various holds 424 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 424 sentences of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 424 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18

Common questions about reading Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18?

Yes. All 835 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22161 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22161, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 take to read?

About 69 minutes of reading across 167 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 section by section

How to work through Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18

Words and structures a reader meets early in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Conducted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Robert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chambers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 450 — Volume 18; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.