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Changing Winds: A Novel
Changing Winds: A Novel

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Changing Winds: A Novel is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.
There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.
They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....
"They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.
They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Changing Winds: A Novel

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Changing Winds: A Novel is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.
/hiː tɜːrnd tuː lʊk æt ə ˈkʌmpəniː ʌv ˌvɑːlənˈtɪrz huː wɜːr ˈmɑːrtʃɪŋ təˈwɔːrdz ˈlɪb.ər.ti hɔːl/
Line 2
There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.
Line 3
They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....
/ðeɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd tuː ðə ˈwʊmən wɪð ˈtaɪtənd lɪps ənd mɑːkt æt hɜːr ˈjuːnəfɔːrm ənd hɜːr tɔːst her/
Line 4
"They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.
Line 5
They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Gaelic adjective US /ˈɡeɪlɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

jeer verb US /dʒɪr/

laugh at with contempt and derision

From this reading “"They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.”

jeered verb US /dʒɪrd/

past form of “jeer” — laugh at with contempt and derision

From this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

misshapen adjective US /mɪsˈʃeɪpən/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

privation noun US /praɪˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme poverty

From this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

shuffling noun US /ˈʃʌflɪŋ/

walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet

From this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

stumped verb US /stʌmpt/

past form of “stump” — cause to be perplexed or confounded

From this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

Volunteers noun US /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪrz/

plural of “volunteer” — (military) a person who freely enlists for service

From this reading “He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

young men adjective + noun

In this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

little girls adjective + noun counted as “little girl”

a youthful female person

In this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

jeered at verb + particle counted as “jeer at”

In this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

on the pavement preposition + article + noun counted as “on … pavement”

In this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

look at verb + particle

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.”

mocked at verb + particle counted as “mock at”

In this reading “They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....”

stood on verb + particle

In this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

passed by verb + particle counted as “pass by”

move past

In this reading “There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."

aren't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

Don't-Care-a-Damners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

fineradjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

foolsnounUS /fuːlz/

plural of “fool” — a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

GaelicadjectiveUS /ˈɡeɪlɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....

hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

jeerverbUS /dʒɪr/

laugh at with contempt and derision

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

jeeredverbUS /dʒɪrd/

past form of “jeer” — laugh at with contempt and derision

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

labourers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

LibertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

marchingnounUS /ˈmɑːrtʃɪŋ/

the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind)

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

misshapenadjectiveUS /mɪsˈʃeɪpən/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

mockedverbUS /mɑːkt/

past form of “mock” — treat with contempt

From this reading They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

pavementnounUS /ˈpeɪvmənt/

the paved surface of a thoroughfare

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

pointedadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪntɪd/

having a point

From this reading They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....

privationnounUS /praɪˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme poverty

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

servingnounUS /ˈsɜːrvɪŋ/

an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal

From this reading They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."

shufflingnounUS /ˈʃʌflɪŋ/

walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

stumpedverbUS /stʌmpt/

past form of “stump” — cause to be perplexed or confounded

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading They ... they are serving something ... and these Don't-Care-a-Damners aren't serving anything!..."

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....

They're

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

tightenedverbUS /ˈtaɪtənd/

past form of “tighten” — make tight or tighter

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

tired-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

tossedverbUS /tɔːst/

past form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

uniformadjectiveUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading They pointed to the woman with tightened lips, and mocked at her uniform and her tossed hair....

VolunteersnounUS /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪrz/

plural of “volunteer” — (military) a person who freely enlists for service

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

wearilyadverbUS /ˈwerəli/

in a weary manner

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading "They're fools," Henry thought, looking at them as they went wearily on, "but, by God, they're finer than the people who jeer at them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He turned to look at a company of Volunteers who were marching towards Liberty Hall.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading There were little girls in Gaelic dress at the head of them, accompanied by a pale, tired-looking woman, with tightened lips, who stumped heavily by the side of them; and following them, came young men and boys and a shuffling group of hungry labourers, misshapen by heavy toil and privation ... and as the company passed by, girls stood on the pavement and jeered at them.

Chapter 31 of Changing Winds: A Novel by St. John G. (St. John Greer) Ervine holds 390 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Changing Winds: A Novel contain?

Chapter 31 holds 390 sentences of Changing Winds: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Changing Winds: A Novel by St. John G. (St. John Greer) Ervine exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 390 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Changing Winds: A Novel?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Changing Winds: A Novel

Common questions about reading Changing Winds: A Novel by St. John G. (St. John Greer) Ervine on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Changing Winds: A Novel?

Yes. All 12841 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29902 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Changing Winds: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29902, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Changing Winds: A Novel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2569 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Changing Winds: A Novel section by section

How to work through Changing Winds: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Changing Winds: A Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Changing Winds: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Changing Winds: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Novels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Changing Winds: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Martin's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Changing Winds: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Changing Winds: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Changing Winds: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.