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Character and Opinion in the United States
Character and Opinion in the United States

Chapter III · William James

Chapter III of Character and Opinion in the United States, “William James,” is here in full — 232 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.
His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.
They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.
William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.
In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Character and Opinion in the United States

Chapter III · William James

Chapter III of Character and Opinion in the United States, “William James,” is here in full — 232 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.
Line 2
His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.
/hɪz ˈfɑːðər wɑːz wʌn ʌv ðoʊz ˈsʌmˈwʌt əbsˈkjʊr ˈseɪdʒɪz huːm ˈɜːrli əˈmerəkə prəˈduːst ˈmɪstɪks ʌv ˌɪndɪˈpendənt maɪnd ˈhɜːrməts ɪn ðə ˈdezərt ʌv ˈbɪznəs ənd ˈherətɪks ɪn ðə ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/
Line 3
They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.
/ðeɪ wɜːr ˌɪnˈtens ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuːəlɪsts fʊl ʌv ˌvenərˈeɪʃən fɔːr ðə friː soʊlz ʌv ðer ˈtʃɪldrən ənd kənˈvɪnst ðæt ˈevəri wʌn ʃʊd ˈpædəl hɪz oʊn kəˈnuː əˈspeʃli ɑːn ðə haɪ siːz/
Line 4
William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.
Line 5
In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.
/ɪn ˈkɑːnsəkwəns hiː ʃoʊd æn ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈhɔːrər ʌv klʌb ˈsentəmənt ənd ʌv ðə ˈstaɪflɪŋ ˈætməsfɪr ʌv ɔːl əˈfɪʃəldəm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fostered verb US /ˈfɑːstərd/

past form of “foster” — promote the growth of

From this reading “William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.”

heretics noun US /ˈherətɪks/

plural of “heretic” — a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading “His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.”

hermits noun US /ˈhɜːrməts/

plural of “hermit” — one retired from society for religious reasons

From this reading “His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.”

individualists noun US /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuːəlɪsts/

plural of “individualist” — a person who pursues independent thought or action

From this reading “They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.”

mystics noun US /ˈmɪstɪks/

plural of “mystic” — someone who believes in the existence of realities beyond human comprehension

From this reading “His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.”

nationalities noun US /ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz/

plural of “nationality” — people having common origins or traditions and often comprising a nation

From this reading “William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.”

officialdom noun US /əˈfɪʃəldəm/

people elected or appointed to administer a government

From this reading “In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.”

sages noun US /ˈseɪdʒɪz/

plural of “sage” — a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading “His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

cultivated people adjective + noun

In this reading “William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.”

In consequence preposition + noun

In this reading “In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.”

high seas adjective + noun counted as “high sea”

the open seas of the world outside the territorial waters of any nation

In this reading “They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.”

lived among verb + particle counted as “live among”

In this reading “William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.”

almost physical adverb + adjective

In this reading “In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.”

in the churches preposition + article + noun counted as “in … church”

In this reading “His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

canoenounUS /kəˈnuː/

small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

clubnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

convincedadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

cultivatedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd/

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

fosteredverbUS /ˈfɑːstərd/

past form of “foster” — promote the growth of

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

hereticsnounUS /ˈherətɪks/

plural of “heretic” — a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

hermitsnounUS /ˈhɜːrməts/

plural of “hermit” — one retired from society for religious reasons

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

horrornounUS /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

independentadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

free from external control and constraint

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

individualistsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuːəlɪsts/

plural of “individualist” — a person who pursues independent thought or action

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

intenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtens/

possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

judgingnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪŋ/

the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

masterynounUS /ˈmæstəri/

great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

mysticsnounUS /ˈmɪstɪks/

plural of “mystic” — someone who believes in the existence of realities beyond human comprehension

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

nationalitiesnounUS /ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz/

plural of “nationality” — people having common origins or traditions and often comprising a nation

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

obscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

officialdomnounUS /əˈfɪʃəldəm/

people elected or appointed to administer a government

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

paddleverbUS /ˈpædəl/

propel with a paddle

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

reposefuladjective

affording physical or mental rest

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

sagesnounUS /ˈseɪdʒɪz/

plural of “sage” — a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

sentimentnounUS /ˈsentəmənt/

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

slightlyadverbUS /ˈslaɪtli/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

stiflingnounUS /ˈstaɪflɪŋ/

forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority

From this reading In consequence he showed an almost physical horror of club sentiment and of the stifling atmosphere of all officialdom.

stimulatingadjectiveUS /ˈstɪmjəleɪtɪŋ/

rousing or quickening activity or the senses

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

teachersnounUS /ˈtiːtʃərz/

plural of “teacher” — a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

travelledadjectiveUS /ˈtrævəld/

familiar with many parts of the world

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

universitiesnounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

venerationnounUS /ˌvenərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of profound respect for someone or something

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were intense individualists, full of veneration for the free souls of their children, and convinced that every one should paddle his own canoe, especially on the high seas.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading William James accordingly enjoyed a stimulating if slightly irregular education: he never acquired that reposeful mastery of particular authors and those safe ways of feeling and judging which are fostered in great schools and universities.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His father was one of those somewhat obscure sages whom early America produced: mystics of independent mind, hermits in the desert of business, and heretics in the churches.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading William James enjoyed in his youth what are called advantages: he lived among cultivated people, travelled, had teachers of various nationalities.

Chapter 3 of Character and Opinion in the United States by George Santayana holds 232 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Character and Opinion in the United States contain?

Chapter 3 holds 232 sentences of Character and Opinion in the United States, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Character and Opinion in the United States by George Santayana exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 232 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Character and Opinion in the United States?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Character and Opinion in the United States

Common questions about reading Character and Opinion in the United States by George Santayana on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Character and Opinion in the United States?

Yes. All 1454 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34654 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Character and Opinion in the United States is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34654, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Character and Opinion in the United States take to read?

About 121 minutes of reading across 291 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Character and Opinion in the United States section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Character and Opinion in the United States

Words and structures a reader meets early in Character and Opinion in the United States, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Reason
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Character and Opinion in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Common
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Character and Opinion in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sense
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Character and Opinion in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Society
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Character and Opinion in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.