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Characters of Shakespeare's Plays
Characters of Shakespeare's Plays

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays is here in full — 372 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/74 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.
The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.
The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.
The play embraces only a part of his history.
There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.
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Characters of Shakespeare's Plays

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays is here in full — 372 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/74 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.
Line 2
The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.
/ðə ˈkerɪktər ʌv kɪŋ dʒɑːn hɪmˈself ɪz kept ˈprɪti mʌtʃ ɪn ðə ˈbækɡraʊnd ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli mɑːrkt ɪn baɪ kəmˈperətɪvli slaɪt ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz/
Line 3
The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.
/ðə kraɪmz hiː ɪz ˈtemptɪd tuː kəˈmɪt ɑːr sʌtʃ æz ɑːr θrʌst əˈpɑːn hɪm ˈræðər baɪ ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ənd ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti ðæn ʌv hɪz oʊn ˈsiːkɪŋ hiː ɪz hiːr ˌreprɪˈzentɪd æz mɔːr ˈkaʊərdli ðæn ˈkruːəl ənd æz mɔːr kənˈtemptəbəl ðæn ˈoʊdiəs/
Line 4
The play embraces only a part of his history.
/ðə pleɪ emˈbreɪsɪz ˈoʊnli ə pɑːrt ʌv hɪz ˈhɪstəri/
Line 5
There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.
/ðer ɑːr ˌhaʊˈevər fjuː ˈkærəktərz ɑːn ðə steɪdʒ ðæt ɪkˈsaɪt mɔːr dɪsˈɡʌst ənd ˈloʊθɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contemptible adjective US /kənˈtemptəbəl/

deserving of contempt or scorn

From this reading “The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.”

cowardly adjective US /ˈkaʊərdli/

lacking courage; ignobly timid and faint-hearted

From this reading “The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.”

embraces noun US /emˈbreɪsɪz/

plural of “embrace” — the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection)

From this reading “The play embraces only a part of his history.”

excite verb US /ɪkˈsaɪt/

arouse or elicit a feeling

From this reading “There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.”

indications noun US /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “indication” — something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading “The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.”

loathing noun US /ˈloʊθɪŋ/

hate coupled with disgust

From this reading “There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.”

odious adjective US /ˈoʊdiəs/

unequivocally detestable

From this reading “The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.”

richness noun US /ˈrɪtʃnəs/

the property of being extremely abundant

From this reading “KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The play embraces only a part of his history.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

beautiesnounUS /ˈbjuːtiz/

plural of “beauty” — the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

commitverbUS /kəˈmɪt/

perform an act, usually with a negative connotation

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

contemptibleadjectiveUS /kənˈtemptəbəl/

deserving of contempt or scorn

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

cowardlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊərdli/

lacking courage; ignobly timid and faint-hearted

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

crimesnounUS /kraɪmz/

plural of “crime” — (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

disgustverbUS /dɪsˈɡʌst/

fill with distaste

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

embracesnounUS /emˈbreɪsɪz/

plural of “embrace” — the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection)

From this reading The play embraces only a part of his history.

exciteverbUS /ɪkˈsaɪt/

arouse or elicit a feeling

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The play embraces only a part of his history.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

indicationsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “indication” — something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

KINGnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

loathingnounUS /ˈloʊθɪŋ/

hate coupled with disgust

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

odiousadjectiveUS /ˈoʊdiəs/

unequivocally detestable

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

painfulnessnoun

emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The play embraces only a part of his history.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading The play embraces only a part of his history.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

relieveverbUS /rɪˈliːv/

provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

richnessnounUS /ˈrɪtʃnəs/

the property of being extremely abundant

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

seekingnounUS /ˈsiːkɪŋ/

the act of searching for something

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading The character of King John himself is kept pretty much in the background; it is only marked in by comparatively slight indications.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

temptedverbUS /ˈtemptɪd/

past form of “tempt” — dispose or incline or entice to

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are however few characters on the stage that excite more disgust and loathing.

thrustverbUS /θrʌst/

push forcefully

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading KING JOHN has all the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination to relieve the painfulness of the subject.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The crimes he is tempted to commit are such as are thrust upon him rather by circumstances and opportunity than of his own seeking: he is here represented as more cowardly than cruel, and as more contemptible than odious.

Chapter 8 of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays by William Hazlitt holds 372 sentences, grouped into 75 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays contain?

Chapter 8 holds 372 sentences of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays, unabridged, divided into 75 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays by William Hazlitt exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 372 sentences, grouped into 75 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays?

Work through the 75 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 75 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Characters of Shakespeare's Plays

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Project Gutenberg eBook #5085, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 314 minutes of reading across 756 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Characters of Shakespeare's Plays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Characters of Shakespeare's Plays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Included
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Among
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Classics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Characters of Shakespeare's Plays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.