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Charles Dickens: A critical study
Charles Dickens: A critical study

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Charles Dickens: A critical study is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Charles Dickens: A critical study
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.
But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.
It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.
The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.
Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Charles Dickens: A critical study

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Charles Dickens: A critical study is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.
/ə noʊt ɑːn ðə ˈfjuːtʃər ʌv ˈdɪkənz ðə ˈhɑːrdəst θɪŋ tuː rɪˈmɛm.bər əˈbaʊt ˈaʊər oʊn taɪm ʌv kɔːrs ɪz ˈsɪmpli ðæt ɪt ɪz ə taɪm wiː ɔːl ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvliː θɪŋk ʌv ɪt æz ðə deɪ ʌv ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/
Line 2
But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.
/bʌt ɔːl ðə θɪŋz ɪn ɪt wɪtʃ bɪˈlɔːŋ tuː ɪt ˈmɪrli æz ðɪs taɪm wɪl ˈprɑːbəbliː biː ˈræpədli tɜːrnd ˈʌpˈsaɪd daʊn ɔːl ðə θɪŋz ðæt kæn pæs wɪl pæs/
Line 3
It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt ˈmɪrli truː ðæt ɔːl oʊld θɪŋz ɑːr ɔːlˈredi ded ɪt ɪz ˈɔːlsoʊ truː ðæt ɔːl nuː θɪŋz ɑːr ɔːlˈredi ded fɔːr ðə ˈoʊnli ənˈdaɪɪŋ θɪŋz ɑːr ðə θɪŋz ðæt ɑːr ˈniːðər nuː nɔːr oʊld/
Line 4
The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.
/ðə mɔːr juː ɑːr ʌp wɪð ðɪs jɪrz ˈfæʃən ðə mɔːr ɪn ə sens juː ɑːr ɔːlˈredi bɪˈhaɪnd nekst jɪrz/
Line 5
Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attempting verb US /əˈtemptɪŋ/

-ing form of “attempt” — make an effort or attempt

From this reading “Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.”

convictions noun US /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading “Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.”

dickens noun US /ˈdɪkənz/

a word used in exclamations of confusion

From this reading “A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.”

hardest adverb US /ˈhɑːrdəst/

superlative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading “A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.”

instinctively adverb US /ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvliː/

as a matter of instinct

From this reading “A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.”

undying adjective US /ənˈdaɪɪŋ/

never dying

From this reading “It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.”

upside noun US /ˈʌpˈsaɪd/

the highest or uppermost side of anything

From this reading “But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.”

year's noun US /jɪrz/

possessive form of “year” — a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

turned upside adjective + noun

In this reading “But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.”

firm convictions adjective + noun counted as “firm conviction”

In this reading “Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.”

any part adjective + noun

In this reading “Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.”

hardest thing adjective + noun counted as “hard thing”

In this reading “A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.”

think of verb + particle

keep in mind for attention or consideration

In this reading “A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

attemptingverbUS /əˈtemptɪŋ/

-ing form of “attempt” — make an effort or attempt

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

cantly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

ConsequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

convictionsnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

decideverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪd/

reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

DICKENSnounUS /ˈdɪkənz/

a word used in exclamations of confusion

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

FUTUREadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

hardestadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdəst/

superlative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

instinctivelyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvliː/

as a matter of instinct

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

JudgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

NOTEnounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

unchangeableadjective

not changeable or subject to change

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

undyingadjectiveUS /ənˈdaɪɪŋ/

never dying

From this reading It is not merely true that all old things are already dead; it is also true that all new things are already dead; for the only undying things are the things that are neither new nor old.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

upsidenounUS /ˈʌpˈsaɪd/

the highest or uppermost side of anything

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading A NOTE ON THE FUTURE OF DICKENS The hardest thing to remember about our own time, of course, is simply that it is a time; we all instinctively think of it as the Day of Judgment.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Consequently, in attempting to decide whether an author will, as it is cantly expressed, live, it is necessary to have very firm convictions about what part, if any part, of man is unchangeable.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But all the things in it which belong to it merely as this time will probably be rapidly turned upside down; all the things that can pass will pass.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

year'snounUS /jɪrz/

possessive form of “year” — a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The more you are up with this year’s fashion, the more (in a sense) you are already behind next year’s.

Chapter 12 of Charles Dickens: A critical study by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton holds 90 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Charles Dickens: A critical study contain?

Chapter 12 holds 90 sentences of Charles Dickens: A critical study, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Charles Dickens: A critical study by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 90 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Charles Dickens: A critical study?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Charles Dickens: A critical study

Common questions about reading Charles Dickens: A critical study by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Charles Dickens: A critical study?

Yes. All 3112 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68682 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Charles Dickens: A critical study is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68682, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Charles Dickens: A critical study take to read?

About 259 minutes of reading across 623 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Charles Dickens: A critical study section by section

How to work through Charles Dickens: A critical study section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Charles Dickens: A critical study to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Charles Dickens: A critical study

Words and structures a reader meets early in Charles Dickens: A critical study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Charles Dickens: A critical study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Varied
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Charles Dickens: A critical study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Types
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Charles Dickens: A critical study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heretics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Charles Dickens: A critical study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.