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Chaucer and His Times
Chaucer and His Times

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Chaucer and His Times is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
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CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.
The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.
The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.
One only of Chaucer's earlier poems shows the true bent of his genius.
The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chaucer and His Times

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Chaucer and His Times is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.
Line 2
The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.
Line 3
The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.
Line 4
One only of Chaucer's earlier poems shows the true bent of his genius.
/wʌn ˈoʊnli ʌv ˈtʃɔːsərz ˈɜːrliər ˈpoʊəmz ʃoʊz ðə truː bent ʌv hɪz ˈdʒiːnjəs/
Line 5
The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Canterbury noun US /ˈkæntərberi/

a town in Kent in southeastern England; site of the cathedral where Thomas a Becket was martyred in 1170; seat of the archbishop and primate of the Anglican Church

Chaucer noun US /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading “CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.”

chaucer's noun US /ˈtʃɔːsərz/

possessive form of “chaucer” — English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading “CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.”

inspires verb US /ˌɪnˈspaɪrz/

third-person singular of “inspire” — heighten or intensify

From this reading “The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.”

originality noun US /ərˌɪdʒəˈnælɪti/

the ability to think and act independently

From this reading “The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.”

perfunctory adjective US /pərˈfʌŋktəri/

hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough

From this reading “The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.”

precludes verb US /prɪˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “preclude” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading “The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.”

scope noun US /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading “The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human nature adjective + noun

the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings

In this reading “The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.”

rough sketches adjective + noun counted as “rough sketch”

In this reading “The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.”

keen interest adjective + noun

In this reading “The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.”

moral purpose adjective + noun

In this reading “The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.”

young poet adjective + noun

In this reading “CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.”

Good Women adjective + noun counted as “good woman”

In this reading “The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.”

map of verb + particle

In this reading “The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.”

plan of verb + particle

In this reading “The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading One only of Chaucer's earlier poems shows the true bent of his genius.

Blanche

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

BooknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

CanterburynounUS /ˈkæntərberi/

a town in Kent in southeastern England; site of the cathedral where Thomas a Becket was martyred in 1170; seat of the archbishop and primate of the Anglican Church

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

CHARACTER-DRAWING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

ChaucernounUS /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

CHAUCER'SnounUS /ˈtʃɔːsərz/

possessive form of “chaucer” — English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

Criseyde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

Duchesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading One only of Chaucer's earlier poems shows the true bent of his genius.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

FamenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

Foules

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

Hous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

inspiresverbUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪrz/

third-person singular of “inspire” — heighten or intensify

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

LegendnounUS /ˈledʒənd/

a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

legendsnounUS /ˈledʒəndz/

plural of “legend” — a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

mapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One only of Chaucer's earlier poems shows the true bent of his genius.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading One only of Chaucer's earlier poems shows the true bent of his genius.

originalitynounUS /ərˌɪdʒəˈnælɪti/

the ability to think and act independently

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

Parlement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

perfunctoryadjectiveUS /pərˈfʌŋktəri/

hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading One only of Chaucer's earlier poems shows the true bent of his genius.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

precludesverbUS /prɪˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “preclude” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

reinverbUS /reɪn/

control and direct with or as if by reins

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

scopenounUS /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

self-revelation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

sketchesnounUS /ˈsketʃəz/

plural of “sketch” — preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

TalesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

tracedverbUS /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

Troilus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading One only of Chaucer's earlier poems shows the true bent of his genius.

undramaticadjective

lacking dramatic force and quality

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

WhitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The _Book of the Duchesse_ gives us a sort of map of the character of the good fair White: in his choice of qualities and method of expression Chaucer shows both observation and originality, but the plan of the poem precludes anything in the nature of dramatic self-revelation, and the whole description of Blanche is from the outside.

WomennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The _Parlement of Foules_ and the _Hous of Fame_ afford little scope for character-drawing, and though something more might be expected of the _Legend of Good Women_, as we have seen, the moral purpose which inspires it leads to perfunctory and undramatic treatment of the legends.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The rough sketches which he afterwards worked up and used in the _Canterbury Tales_ had given some evidence of his keen interest in human nature, but not until we come to _Troilus and Criseyde_ do we find him giving full rein to his invention.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading CHAUCER'S CHARACTER-DRAWING Like every other young poet Chaucer had to learn his trade, and in nothing is the development of his genius more clearly to be traced than in his treatment of character.

Chapter 4 of Chaucer and His Times by Grace E. (Grace Eleanor) Hadow holds 239 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Chaucer and His Times contain?

Chapter 4 holds 239 sentences of Chaucer and His Times, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Chaucer and His Times by Grace E. (Grace Eleanor) Hadow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 239 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Chaucer and His Times?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Chaucer and His Times

Common questions about reading Chaucer and His Times by Grace E. (Grace Eleanor) Hadow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Chaucer and His Times?

Yes. All 2102 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Chaucer and His Times is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Chaucer and His Times take to read?

About 175 minutes of reading across 421 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Chaucer and His Times section by section

How to work through Chaucer and His Times section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Chaucer and His Times to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Chaucer and His Times

Words and structures a reader meets early in Chaucer and His Times, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chaucer's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer and His Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Times
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer and His Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Biography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer and His Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chaucer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer and His Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.