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Chaucer and His Times
Chaucer and His Times

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Chaucer and His Times is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.
Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.
Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.
They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.
They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chaucer and His Times

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Chaucer and His Times is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.
Line 2
Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.
Line 3
Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.
Line 4
They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.
/ðeɪ noʊ ðə ˈdeɪndʒər ənd ðə ˈsævɪdʒeri ʌv ˈneɪtʃər bʌt ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɪn ðem rɪˈspɑːndz tuː hɜːr rɪˈlentlɪs fɔːrs ənd ðə spel ʌv ðə siː hoʊldz ðem/
Line 5
They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chaucer's noun US /ˈtʃɔːsərz/

possessive form of “chaucer” — English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading “CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.”

descriptive adjective US /dɪˈskrɪptɪv/

serving to describe or inform or characterized by description

From this reading “CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.”

hover verb US /ˈhʌvər/

be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action

From this reading “Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.”

pastures noun US /ˈpæstʃərz/

plural of “pasture” — a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock

From this reading “They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.”

relentless adjective US /rɪˈlentlɪs/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading “They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.”

responds verb US /rɪˈspɑːndz/

third-person singular of “respond” — show a response or a reaction to something

From this reading “They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.”

savagery noun US /ˈsævɪdʒeri/

the property of being untamed and ferocious

From this reading “They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.”

welter noun US /ˈweltər/

a confused multitude of things

From this reading “They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

green pastures noun + noun counted as “green pasture”

In this reading “They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.”

savage beasts adjective + noun counted as “savage beast”

In this reading “Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.”

hover above verb + particle

In this reading “Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.”

earliest days adjective + noun

In this reading “CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.”

early days adjective + noun

an early period of development

In this reading “Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.”

on earth preposition + noun

used with question words to convey surprise

In this reading “They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.”

look forward verb + particle

expect or hope for

In this reading “They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

beastsnounUS /biːsts/

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

CHAUCER'SnounUS /ˈtʃɔːsərz/

possessive form of “chaucer” — English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

DESCRIPTIVEadjectiveUS /dɪˈskrɪptɪv/

serving to describe or inform or characterized by description

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

frostnounUS /frɔːst/

ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

hailverbUS /heɪl/

praise vociferously

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

hauntedadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːntɪd/

having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with something

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

HeavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

hereafteradverbUS /hɪˈræftər/

in a subsequent part of this document or statement or matter etc.

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

hoververbUS /ˈhʌvər/

be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

ice-coldadjective

as cold as ice

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

iron-bound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

pasturesnounUS /ˈpæstʃərz/

plural of “pasture” — a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

plaintiveadjectiveUS /ˈpleɪntɪv/

expressing sorrow

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

POWERnounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

pre-Conquest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

relentlessadjectiveUS /rɪˈlentlɪs/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

respondsverbUS /rɪˈspɑːndz/

third-person singular of “respond” — show a response or a reaction to something

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

rime-bound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

salt-marshes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

savagerynounUS /ˈsævɪdʒeri/

the property of being untamed and ferocious

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.

sea-birds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

sea-kings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.

spellverbUS /spel/

orally recite the letters of or give the spelling of

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

stretchverbUS /stretʃ/

occupy a large, elongated area

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CHAUCER'S DESCRIPTIVE POWER From the earliest days of pre-Conquest literature, English poetry has always shown a strong feeling for nature.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They know the danger and the savagery of nature, but something in them responds to her relentless force, and the spell of the sea holds them.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

utterverbUS /ˈʌtər/

articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

welternounUS /ˈweltər/

a confused multitude of things

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading They may picture Heaven as a place where there is neither hail nor frost, and look forward to still waters and green pastures hereafter, but on earth the welter of the waves, and the strange calm of the rime-bound trees, draw them in spite of themselves.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Nature, in those early days, has something wild and terrible about her; great forests, haunted by savage beasts and more savage men, stretch over the land; the sea-birds utter their plaintive cries as they hover above the desolate salt-marshes; ice-cold waves break on the iron-bound coast.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet the sons of the sea-kings feel the call of the sea in their blood.

Chapter 6 of Chaucer and His Times by Grace E. (Grace Eleanor) Hadow holds 154 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Chaucer and His Times contain?

Chapter 6 holds 154 sentences of Chaucer and His Times, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Chaucer and His Times by Grace E. (Grace Eleanor) Hadow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 154 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Chaucer and His Times?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Chaucer and His Times

Common questions about reading Chaucer and His Times by Grace E. (Grace Eleanor) Hadow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Chaucer and His Times?

Yes. All 2102 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Chaucer and His Times is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Chaucer and His Times take to read?

About 175 minutes of reading across 421 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Chaucer and His Times section by section

How to work through Chaucer and His Times section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Chaucer and His Times to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Chaucer and His Times

Words and structures a reader meets early in Chaucer and His Times, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chaucer's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer and His Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Times
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer and His Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Biography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer and His Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chaucer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer and His Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.