Chapter 31 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose is here in full — 772 sentences across 155 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter XXXI
Chapter 31 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose is here in full — 772 sentences across 155 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
_tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on. See _tatter_ in my Etym. Dict. The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_. The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
Chapter 31 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose is here in full — 772 sentences across 155 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/154 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
related by common characteristics or ancestry
From this reading “The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.”
the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
From this reading “The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.”
the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)
From this reading “The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.”
plural of “patch” — a small contrasting part of something
From this reading “_tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.”
fastened with stitches
From this reading “_tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.”
plural of “shred” — a tiny or scarcely detectable amount
From this reading “_tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.”
a small piece of cloth or paper
a witty amusing person who makes jokes
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
related by common characteristics or ancestry
From this reading The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.
ornamented in a vulgar or showy fashion
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
in coarse pieces
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Dict.
the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)
From this reading The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading See _tatter_ in my Etym.
a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading See _tatter_ in my Etym.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.
thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
belonging to the person speaking
From this reading See _tatter_ in my Etym.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
plural of “patch” — a small contrasting part of something
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
being or dressed in clothes that are worn or torn
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading See _tatter_ in my Etym.
fastened with stitches
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
plural of “shred” — a tiny or scarcely detectable amount
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading _tatarwagges_, ragged shreds, i. e. patches coarsely sewn on.
a small piece of cloth or paper
From this reading See _tatter_ in my Etym.
the words of something written
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
a witty amusing person who makes jokes
From this reading The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The ending _-wagges_ is allied to _wag_.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
in the company of; together with
From this reading The F. text has: 'Toutes fretelées de crotes,' which means all bedaubed with dirt; see _frestelé_ in Godefroy.
Chapter 31 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose by Geoffrey Chaucer holds 772 sentences, grouped into 155 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 31 holds 772 sentences of Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose, unabridged, divided into 155 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 31 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose by Geoffrey Chaucer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 772 sentences, grouped into 155 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 155 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 155 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
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Yes. All 26237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43089 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #43089, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 600 minutes of reading across 5248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 38 chapters of Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Volume 1, Romaunt of the Rose, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
