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Chaucer's Works, Volume 5
Chaucer's Works, Volume 5

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 is here in full — 867 sentences across 174 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Chaucer's Works, Volume 5
Context Illustration Reading 1/173 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.
[=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'
_Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.
Some points for discussion.
§ 2.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chaucer's Works, Volume 5

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 is here in full — 867 sentences across 174 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/173 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.
Line 2
[=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'
Line 3
_Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.
Line 4
Some points for discussion.
/sʌm pɔɪnts fɔːr dɪˈskʌʃən/
Line 5
§ 2.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

hart noun US /hɑːrt/

United States playwright who collaborated with George S. Kaufman (1904-1961)

From this reading “_Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.”

horace noun US /ˈhɔːrəs/

Roman lyric poet said to have influenced English poetry (65-8 BC)

From this reading “_Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.”

numeral noun US /ˈnuːmərəl/

a symbol used to represent a number

From this reading “In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.”

printer noun US /ˈprɪntər/

someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading “_Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.”

represents verb US /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading “In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.”

schwa noun US /ʃwɑː/

a neutral middle vowel; occurs in unstressed syllables

From this reading “In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.”

signifies verb US /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading “[=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'”

vowel noun US /ˈvaʊəl/

a speech sound made with the vocal tract open

From this reading “In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

SECOND EDITION noun + noun

In this reading “_Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading § 2.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

860

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

brevenoun

a diacritical mark (U-shaped) placed over a vowel to indicate a short sound

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

CCCC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

CLARENDON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading Some points for discussion.

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

EDITIONnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

encombrous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

FamenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

gh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

HARTnounUS /hɑːrt/

United States playwright who collaborated with George S. Kaufman (1904-1961)

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

hitverbUS /hɪt/

cause to move by striking

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

HORACEnounUS /ˈhɔːrəs/

Roman lyric poet said to have influenced English poetry (65-8 BC)

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

Hous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

INTRODUCTIONnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

inverted-e

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

langage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

lyke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

macronnoun

a diacritical mark (-) placed above a vowel to indicate a long sound

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

matere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

MiddlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

numeralnounUS /ˈnuːmərəl/

a symbol used to represent a number

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

onounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

oghte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

Ogonek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Some points for discussion.

PRESSverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

PRINTERnounUS /ˈprɪntər/

someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

representsverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

schwanounUS /ʃwɑː/

a neutral middle vowel; occurs in unstressed syllables

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

SECONDnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

signifiesverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some points for discussion.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

unounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

UNIVERSITYnounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading _Hous of Fame_; 860 SECOND EDITION Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M D CCCC Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION.--§ 1.

unvoicedadjective

produced without vibration of the vocal cords

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

vowelnounUS /ˈvaʊəl/

a speech sound made with the vocal tract open

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

wel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

wost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [=a] signifies "a macron"; [)u] "u breve"; [o,] "o with Ogonek"; and so forth. 'hit oghte thee to lyke; For hard langage and hard matere Is encombrous for to here At ones; wost thou not wel this?'

yogh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this text [*e] represents the "schwa" or unvoiced vowel, printed as inverted-e, and [gh] represents the Middle English letter "yogh", similar to the numeral 3.

Chapter 1 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 by Geoffrey Chaucer holds 867 sentences, grouped into 174 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 867 sentences of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5, unabridged, divided into 174 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 by Geoffrey Chaucer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 867 sentences, grouped into 174 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5?

Work through the 174 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 174 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Chaucer's Works, Volume 5

Common questions about reading Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 by Geoffrey Chaucer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5?

Yes. All 33161 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43016 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43016, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 6633 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 section by section

How to work through Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Chaucer's Works, Volume 5

Words and structures a reader meets early in Chaucer's Works, Volume 5, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Represents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Schwa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unvoiced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vowel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chaucer's Works, Volume 5; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.