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Childhood
Childhood

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Childhood is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.
His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.
Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.
It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.
Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Childhood

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Childhood is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.
/tɔːl ənd ʌv ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈfɪɡjər hiː wɔːkt wɪð ə ˈkjʊriəsli kwɪk ˈmɪnsɪŋ ɡeɪt æz wel æz hæd ə ˈhæbət ʌv ˈhɪtʃɪŋ wʌn ʌv hɪz ˈʃoʊldərz/
Line 2
His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.
Line 3
Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.
/sʌtʃ wɑːz maɪ ˈfɑːðərz ɪkˈstɪriər frʌm ðə deɪz ʌv maɪ ˈɜːrliəst ˌrekəˈlekʃən/
Line 4
It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.
Line 5
Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.
/əˈspeʃli dɪd ɪt pliːz ðoʊz huːm hiː dɪˈzaɪərd tuː pliːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

articulation noun US /ˌɑːrtɪkjəˈleɪʃən/

the aspect of pronunciation that involves bringing articulatory organs together so as to shape the sounds of speech

From this reading “His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.”

compressed adjective US /kəmˈprest/

pressed tightly together

From this reading “His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.”

defective adjective US /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading “His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.”

exterior noun US /ɪkˈstɪriər/

the region that is outside of something

From this reading “Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.”

hitching verb US /ˈhɪtʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “hitch” — to hook or entangle

From this reading “Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.”

mincing adjective US /ˈmɪnsɪŋ/

affectedly dainty or refined

From this reading “Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.”

oddly adverb US /ˈɑːdli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading “His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.”

stations noun US /ˈsteɪʃənz/

(Roman Catholic Church) a devotion consisting of fourteen prayers said before a series of fourteen pictures or carvings representing successive incidents during Jesus' passage from Pilate's house to his crucifixion at Calvary

From this reading “It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

aquilineadjective

curved down like an eagle's beak

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

articulationnounUS /ˌɑːrtɪkjəˈleɪʃən/

the aspect of pronunciation that involves bringing articulatory organs together so as to shape the sounds of speech

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

baldadjectiveUS /bɔːld/

with no effort to conceal

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

bonnes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

compressedadjectiveUS /kəmˈprest/

pressed tightly together

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

curiouslyadverbUS /ˈkjʊriəsli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

defectiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

EspeciallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.

exteriornounUS /ɪkˈstɪriər/

the region that is outside of something

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

fortunesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

gaitnounUS /ɡeɪt/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

hitchingverbUS /ˈhɪtʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “hitch” — to hook or entangle

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

imposingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

lisping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

mincingadjectiveUS /ˈmɪnsɪŋ/

affectedly dainty or refined

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

oddlyadverbUS /ˈɑːdli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

perpetuallyadverbUS /pərˈpetʃuːəli/

everlastingly; for all time

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

pleasantlyadverbUS /ˈplezəntli/

in a cheerful manner

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

quickadjectiveUS /kwɪk/

accomplished rapidly and without delay

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

recollectionnounUS /ˌrekəˈlekʃən/

the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

slightlyadverbUS /ˈslaɪtli/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

stationsnounUS /ˈsteɪʃənz/

(Roman Catholic Church) a devotion consisting of fourteen prayers said before a series of fourteen pictures or carvings representing successive incidents during Jesus' passage from Pilate's house to his crucifixion at Calvary

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

TalladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.

twinklingnounUS /ˈtwɪŋkəlɪŋ/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such was my father’s exterior from the days of my earliest recollection.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His eyes were small and perpetually twinkling, his nose large and aquiline, his lips irregular and rather oddly (though pleasantly) compressed, his articulation slightly defective and lisping, and his head quite bald.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was an exterior which not only brought him success and made him a man a bonnes fortunes but one which pleased people of all ranks and stations.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Especially did it please those whom he desired to please.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Tall and of imposing figure, he walked with a curiously quick, mincing gait, as well as had a habit of hitching one of his shoulders.

Chapter 4 of Childhood by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Childhood contain?

Chapter 4 holds 164 sentences of Childhood, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Childhood by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Childhood?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Childhood

Common questions about reading Childhood by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Childhood?

Yes. All 1802 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2142 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Childhood is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2142, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Childhood take to read?

About 150 minutes of reading across 361 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Childhood section by section

How to work through Childhood section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Childhood to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Childhood

Words and structures a reader meets early in Childhood, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

August
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Childhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Childhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Childhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Birthday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Childhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.