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Children of the Ghetto
Children of the Ghetto

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Children of the Ghetto is here in full — 351 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Children of the Ghetto
Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ESTHER DEFIES THE UNIVERSE.
Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.
There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.
She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.
In her left hand she held a roll of manuscript.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Children of the Ghetto

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Children of the Ghetto is here in full — 351 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ESTHER DEFIES THE UNIVERSE.
/ˈestər dɪˈfaɪz ðə ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/
Line 2
Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.
Line 3
There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.
/ðer wɑːz ə flʌʃ ʌv ˈkʌlər ɪn hɜːr tʃiːks hɜːr aɪz ˈspɑːrkəld/
Line 4
She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.
Line 5
In her left hand she held a roll of manuscript.
/ɪn hɜːr left hænd ʃiː held ə roʊl ʌv ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defies verb US /dɪˈfaɪz/

third-person singular of “defy” — resist or confront with resistance

From this reading “ESTHER DEFIES THE UNIVERSE.”

esther noun US /ˈestər/

(Old Testament) a beautiful Jewess chosen by the king of Persia to be his queen; she stopped a plot to massacre all the Jews in Persia (an event celebrated by Jews as the feast of Purim)

From this reading “ESTHER DEFIES THE UNIVERSE.”

mantle noun US /ˈmæntəl/

the cloak as a symbol of authority

From this reading “Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.”

Museum noun US /mjuːˈziːəm/

a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historical or artistic value

From this reading “She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.”

sparkled verb US /ˈspɑːrkəld/

past form of “sparkle” — reflect brightly

From this reading “There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.”

spotted adjective US /ˈspɑːtɪd/

having spots or patches (small areas of contrasting color or texture)

From this reading “Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.”

taller adjective US /ˈtɔːlər/

comparative of “tall” — great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading “Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.”

wisp noun US /wɪsp/

a small tuft or lock

From this reading “She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

blownadjectiveUS /bloʊn/

being moved or acted upon by moving air or vapor

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

bonnetnounUS /ˈbɑːnət/

a hat tied under the chin

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

cheeksnounUS /tʃiːks/

plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

DEFIESverbUS /dɪˈfaɪz/

third-person singular of “defy” — resist or confront with resistance

From this reading ESTHER DEFIES THE UNIVERSE.

earnounUS /iːr/

the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

ESTHERnounUS /ˈestər/

(Old Testament) a beautiful Jewess chosen by the king of Persia to be his queen; she stopped a plot to massacre all the Jews in Persia (an event celebrated by Jews as the feast of Purim)

From this reading ESTHER DEFIES THE UNIVERSE.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

flushnounUS /flʌʃ/

the period of greatest prosperity or productivity

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading In her left hand she held a roll of manuscript.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading In her left hand she held a roll of manuscript.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In her left hand she held a roll of manuscript.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

mantlenounUS /ˈmæntəl/

the cloak as a symbol of authority

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

manuscriptnounUS /ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt/

A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.

From this reading In her left hand she held a roll of manuscript.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

MuseumnounUS /mjuːˈziːəm/

a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historical or artistic value

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

neatadjectiveUS /niːt/

clean or organized

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

rollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading In her left hand she held a roll of manuscript.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

shell-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

sparkledverbUS /ˈspɑːrkəld/

past form of “sparkle” — reflect brightly

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

spottedadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːtɪd/

having spots or patches (small areas of contrasting color or texture)

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

sunnyadjectiveUS /ˈsʌni/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

talleradjectiveUS /ˈtɔːlər/

comparative of “tall” — great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ESTHER DEFIES THE UNIVERSE.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

UNIVERSEnounUS /ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading ESTHER DEFIES THE UNIVERSE.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

veilnounUS /veɪl/

a garment that covers the head and face

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a flush of color in her cheeks, her eyes sparkled.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

wispnounUS /wɪsp/

a small tuft or lock

From this reading She had walked in cold sunny weather from the British Museum (where she was still supposed to be), and the wind had blown loose a little wisp of hair over the small shell-like ear.

womanlyadjective

befitting or characteristic of a woman especially a mature woman

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading Esther wore a neat black mantle, and looked taller and more womanly than usual in a pretty bonnet and a spotted veil.

Chapter 31 of Children of the Ghetto by Israel Zangwill holds 351 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Children of the Ghetto contain?

Chapter 31 holds 351 sentences of Children of the Ghetto, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Children of the Ghetto by Israel Zangwill exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 351 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Children of the Ghetto?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Children of the Ghetto

Common questions about reading Children of the Ghetto by Israel Zangwill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Children of the Ghetto?

Yes. All 13165 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12680 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Children of the Ghetto is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12680, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Children of the Ghetto take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2633 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Children of the Ghetto section by section

How to work through Children of the Ghetto section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of Children of the Ghetto to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Children of the Ghetto

Words and structures a reader meets early in Children of the Ghetto, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bread
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children of the Ghetto; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Affliction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children of the Ghetto; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Called
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children of the Ghetto; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Street
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children of the Ghetto; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.