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Children of the Soil
Children of the Soil

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Children of the Soil is here in full — 502 sentences across 101 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/100 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.
"Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.
Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.
'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?
It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Children of the Soil

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Children of the Soil is here in full — 502 sentences across 101 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/100 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.
Line 2
"Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.
Line 3
Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.
/ˈjestərdeɪ ðə puːr dɪr keɪm tuː miː wɪð sʌtʃ ə ˈprɪti feɪs ðæt ɪf juː hæd siːn hɜːr juː wʊd hæv ˈmeltəd/
Line 4
'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?
Line 5
It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'
/ɪt ɪz soʊ ˈeləɡənt fɔːr ɔːl ˈdʒentəlmɪn tuː biː ɪn sʌtʃ kɑːˈstuːmz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

costumes noun US /kɑːˈstuːmz/

plural of “costume” — the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading “"Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.”

elegant adjective US /ˈeləɡənt/

refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style

From this reading “It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'”

flannel noun US /ˈflænəl/

a soft light woolen fabric; used for clothing

From this reading “'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?”

melted adjective US /ˈmeltəd/

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading “Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.”

Naturally adverb US /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading “"Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.”

Pan verb US /pæn/

make a sweeping movement

From this reading “"My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.”

poetry noun US /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading “"Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.”

values noun US /ˈvæljuːz/

beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)

From this reading “"Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

white flannel noun + noun

In this reading “'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?”

perfect knowledge adjective + noun

In this reading “"Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.”

on earth preposition + noun

used with question words to convey surprise

In this reading “"Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.”

pretty face adjective + noun

In this reading “Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.”

in the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

AuntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading 'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

Bronich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

costumesnounUS /kɑːˈstuːmz/

plural of “costume” — the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

elegantadjectiveUS /ˈeləɡənt/

refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style

From this reading It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

flannelnounUS /ˈflænəl/

a soft light woolen fabric; used for clothing

From this reading 'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

Ignas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

Kopovski

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

meltedadjectiveUS /ˈmeltəd/

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading 'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

NaturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

Nitechka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

PanverbUS /pæn/

make a sweeping movement

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

Pani

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading 'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is so elegant for all gentlemen to be in such costumes.'

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

valuesnounUS /ˈvæljuːz/

beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading 'Aunt,' said she, 'why does Pan Ignas not have white flannel costumes in the morning?

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

YesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading Yesterday, the poor dear came to me with such a pretty face that if you had seen her you would have melted.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "My dear Pan Ignas, why do you not dress like Pan Kopovski?" asked Pani Bronich.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

æsthetic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Naturally, Nitechka values your poetry more than all costumes on earth; but you will not believe how æsthetic that child is, and what perfect knowledge she has in such matters.

Chapter 31 of Children of the Soil by Henryk Sienkiewicz holds 502 sentences, grouped into 101 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Children of the Soil contain?

Chapter 31 holds 502 sentences of Children of the Soil, unabridged, divided into 101 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Children of the Soil by Henryk Sienkiewicz exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 502 sentences, grouped into 101 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Children of the Soil?

Work through the 101 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 101 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Children of the Soil

Common questions about reading Children of the Soil by Henryk Sienkiewicz on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Children of the Soil?

Yes. All 13524 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44939 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Children of the Soil is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44939, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Children of the Soil take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2705 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Children of the Soil section by section

How to work through Children of the Soil section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Children of the Soil

Words and structures a reader meets early in Children of the Soil, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Footnotes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children of the Soil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Appeared
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children of the Soil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bottom
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children of the Soil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Containing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children of the Soil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.