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Children's books and reading
Children's books and reading

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Children's books and reading is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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[33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.
“The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”
The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.
No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”
Life is indeed a direful wilderness of trials and vexations.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Children's books and reading

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Children's books and reading is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.
Line 2
“The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”
/ðə dɪˈzaɪn ʌv ðɪs bʊk sez ðə ˈwɜːr.ði ˈmæstər ɪz tuː ɡɪv bɜːrθ tuː wʌt wiː kɔːl ə ɡʊd ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈtʃɪldrən/
Line 3
The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.
Line 4
No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”
Line 5
Life is indeed a direful wilderness of trials and vexations.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caption noun US /ˈkæpʃən/

taking exception; especially a quibble based on a captious argument

From this reading “The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.”

graphic adjective US /ˈɡræfɪk/

written or drawn or engraved

From this reading “The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.”

ills noun US /ɪlz/

plural of “ill” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading “The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.”

juvenile adjective US /ˈdʒuːvənəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or appropriate for children or young people

From this reading “The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.”

pangs noun US /pæŋz/

plural of “pang” — a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading “No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!””

renown noun US /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading “[33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.”

Rousseau noun US /ruːˈsoʊ/

French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)

From this reading “[33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.”

translate verb US /trænzˈleɪt/

restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “[33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

give birth verb + noun

cause to be born

In this reading ““The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.””

three volumes noun + noun counted as “three volume”

In this reading “The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.”

set down verb + adjective

put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.

In this reading “[33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.”

little figure adjective + noun

In this reading “No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!””

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1744

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

1759

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

1782

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

1797

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

1811

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

33

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

captionnounUS /ˈkæpʃən/

taking exception; especially a quibble based on a captious argument

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

ChildrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

copperplates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

direfuladjective

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading Life is indeed a direful wilderness of trials and vexations.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

editionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

ElementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

excellencenounUS /ˈeksələns/

the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

exclamationnounUS /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃən/

an abrupt excited utterance

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

forbidding-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

gesturenounUS /ˈdʒestʃər/

motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

Godwin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

Gotthilf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

graphicadjectiveUS /ˈɡræfɪk/

written or drawn or engraved

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

heirnounUS /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

illsnounUS /ɪlz/

plural of “ill” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Life is indeed a direful wilderness of trials and vexations.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

juvenileadjectiveUS /ˈdʒuːvənəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or appropriate for children or young people

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

MoralitynounUS /mərˈæləti/

concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

pangsnounUS /pæŋz/

plural of “pang” — a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

poseverbUS /poʊz/

introduce

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

renownnounUS /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

representverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzent/

take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

resistverbUS /rɪˈzɪst/

elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

ReverendnounUS /ˈrevərənd/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

RousseaunounUS /ruːˈsoʊ/

French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

Salzmann

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

sofanounUS /ˈsoʊfə/

an upholstered seat for more than one person

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

translateverbUS /trænzˈleɪt/

restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

trialsnounUS /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading Life is indeed a direful wilderness of trials and vexations.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

UsenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

vexations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Life is indeed a direful wilderness of trials and vexations.

viewedverbUS /vjuːd/

past form of “view” — deem to be

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The chief delight of the 1782 edition, published in three volumes, are the copperplates which represent in the most graphic way, by pose, gesture, expression, and caption, all the ills that juvenile flesh is heir to.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

wildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading Life is indeed a direful wilderness of trials and vexations.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading No one, after having once viewed the poor little figure seated on a most forbidding-looking sofa, can quite resist the pangs of sympathy over his exclamation: “How sad is life without a friend!”

Wollstonecraftnoun

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women; mother of Mary Shelley (1759-1797)

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading “The design of this book,” says the worthy master, “is to give birth to what we call a good disposition in children.”

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading [33] Mrs. Godwin [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1759–1797) began, as an exercise, to translate “The Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children,” written by the Reverend Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), who won no small renown for the excellence of his school, founded upon the principles set down by Rousseau.

Chapter 5 of Children's books and reading by Montrose Jonas Moses holds 394 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Children's books and reading contain?

Chapter 5 holds 394 sentences of Children's books and reading, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Children's books and reading by Montrose Jonas Moses exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 394 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Children's books and reading?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Children's books and reading

Common questions about reading Children's books and reading by Montrose Jonas Moses on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Children's books and reading?

Yes. All 2737 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71774 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Children's books and reading is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71774, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Children's books and reading take to read?

About 228 minutes of reading across 548 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Children's books and reading section by section

How to work through Children's books and reading section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Children's books and reading to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Children's books and reading

Words and structures a reader meets early in Children's books and reading, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Course
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children's books and reading; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preparing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children's books and reading; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Material
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children's books and reading; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Following
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children's books and reading; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.