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Children's Stories in American History
Children's Stories in American History

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Children's Stories in American History is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.
He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.
But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.
Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Children's Stories in American History

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Children's Stories in American History is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
Line 2
Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.
/əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈmeni ædˈventʃərərz huː faʊnd ðer weɪ tuː ðə nuː wɜːrld ˈæftər ɪts dɪˈskʌvəri wɑːz wʌn neɪmd bɑːlˈboʊə/
Line 3
He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.
/hiː wɑːz ə ˈveri boʊld breɪv mæn ˈɔːlweɪz ˈredi fɔːr ædˈventʃər ənd ˈiːɡər fɔːr ɡoʊld ənd feɪm æz wɜːr ɔːl ðə ˈspænjərdz ʌv ðæt taɪm/
Line 4
But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.
Line 5
Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adventurers noun US /ædˈventʃərərz/

plural of “adventurer” — a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading “Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.”

balboa noun US /bɑːlˈboʊə/

the basic unit of money in Panama; equal to 100 centesimos

From this reading “VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.”

cruelly adverb US /ˈkruːli/

excessively

From this reading “Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.”

discoverer noun US /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.”

dishonest adjective US /dɪˈsɑːnəst/

deceptive or fraudulent; disposed to cheat or defraud or deceive

From this reading “But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.”

pacific noun US /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading “VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.”

robbed verb US /rɑːbd/

inflected form of “rob” — take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading “Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.”

Spaniards noun US /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading “He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

always ready adverb + adjective

In this reading “He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.”

brave man adjective + noun

In this reading “He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.”

New World adjective + noun

the hemisphere that includes North America and South America

In this reading “Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.”

steal from verb + particle

In this reading “Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

adventurersnounUS /ædˈventʃərərz/

plural of “adventurer” — a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

BALBOAnounUS /bɑːlˈboʊə/

the basic unit of money in Panama; equal to 100 centesimos

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

cruellyadverbUS /ˈkruːli/

excessively

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

DEnounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

DISCOVERERnounUS /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

dishonestadjectiveUS /dɪˈsɑːnəst/

deceptive or fraudulent; disposed to cheat or defraud or deceive

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

fellow-soldiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

murderedadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərd/

killed unlawfully

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

NUNEZ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

OCEANnounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

PACIFICnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

robbedverbUS /rɑːbd/

inflected form of “rob” — take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

stealverbUS /stiːl/

take without the owner's consent

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

VASCO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA, THE DISCOVERER OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He was a very bold, brave man, always ready for adventure and eager for gold and fame, as were all the Spaniards of that time.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But Nunez de Balboa, besides being bold and brave, was also very cruel when he had the chance, and sometimes dishonest.

WheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading Whenever he could he robbed the Indians of their gold, and often cruelly murdered them; and if he thought he could steal from his fellow-soldiers and friends, he was ready to do that, too.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Among the many adventurers who found their way to the New World after its discovery was one named Balboa.

Chapter 9 of Children's Stories in American History by Henrietta Christian, -1899 Wright holds 46 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Children's Stories in American History contain?

Chapter 9 holds 46 sentences of Children's Stories in American History, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Children's Stories in American History by Henrietta Christian, -1899 Wright exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 46 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Children's Stories in American History?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Children's Stories in American History

Common questions about reading Children's Stories in American History by Henrietta Christian, -1899 Wright on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Children's Stories in American History?

Yes. All 1797 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42345 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Children's Stories in American History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42345, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Children's Stories in American History take to read?

About 149 minutes of reading across 360 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Children's Stories in American History section by section

How to work through Children's Stories in American History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Children's Stories in American History to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Children's Stories in American History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Children's Stories in American History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Trow's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children's Stories in American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children's Stories in American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bookbinding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children's Stories in American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Children's Stories in American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.