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Choice Specimens of American Literature
Choice Specimens of American Literature

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Choice Specimens of American Literature is here in full — 1260 sentences across 252 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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POETS.
=_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.
'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.
As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.
A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Choice Specimens of American Literature

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Choice Specimens of American Literature is here in full — 1260 sentences across 252 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/252 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
POETS.
/ˈpoʊəts/
Line 2
=_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.
Line 3
'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.
Line 4
As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.
Line 5
A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amaze verb US /əˈmeɪz/

affect with wonder

From this reading “As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.”

brewing noun US /ˈbruːɪŋ/

the production of malt beverages (as beer or ale) from malt and hops by grinding and boiling them and fermenting the result with yeast

From this reading “A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.”

ditty noun US /ˈdɪti/

a short simple song (or the words of a poem intended to be sung)

From this reading “=_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.”

harmonious adjective US /hɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

musically pleasing

From this reading “=_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.”

Hopkinson noun US /ˈhɑːpkɪnsən/

American Revolutionary leader and patriot; a signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1791)

From this reading “=_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.”

kegs noun US /keɡz/

plural of “keg” — the quantity contained in a keg

From this reading “=_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.”

Trill noun US /trɪl/

a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it

From this reading “=_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.”

viewing noun US /ˈvjuːɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading “A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1737

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

1791

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

316

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

75

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

76

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

amazeverbUS /əˈmeɪz/

affect with wonder

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

BattlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

befellverbUS /bɪˈfel/

inflected form of “befall” — become of; happen to

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

brewingnounUS /ˈbruːɪŋ/

the production of malt beverages (as beer or ale) from malt and hops by grinding and boiling them and fermenting the result with yeast

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

ComeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

deniedverbUS /dɪˈnaɪd/

inflected form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

dittynounUS /ˈdɪti/

a short simple song (or the words of a poem intended to be sung)

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

floatingadjectiveUS /ˈfloʊtɪŋ/

borne up by or suspended in a liquid

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

Gallants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

harmoniousadjectiveUS /hɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

musically pleasing

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

HopkinsonnounUS /ˈhɑːpkɪnsən/

American Revolutionary leader and patriot; a signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1791)

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

I'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

jerkinnoun

a tight sleeveless and collarless jacket (often made of leather) worn by men in former times

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

JustadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

KegsnounUS /keɡz/

plural of “keg” — the quantity contained in a keg

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

logverbUS /lɔːɡ/

enter into a log, as on ships and planes

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

mischief's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

POETSnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading POETS.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

rubbedverbUS /rʌbd/

inflected form of “rub” — move over something with pressure

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

sailornounUS /ˈseɪlər/

any member of a ship's crew

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

scorenounUS /skɔːr/

a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

spiedverbUS /spaɪd/

inflected form of “spy” — catch sight of

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

StrangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

surprisingadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzɪŋ/

causing surprise or wonder or amazement

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

TrillnounUS /trɪl/

a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading As in amaze he stood to gaze,-- The truth can't be denied, sir,-- He spied a score of kegs, or more, Come floating down the tide, sir.

Twas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

viewingnounUS /ˈvjuːɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading A sailor, too, in jerkin blue, This strange appearance viewing, First rubbed his eyes, in great surprise, Then said some mischief's brewing.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading =_Francis Hopkinson,[75] 1737-1791._= From "The Battle of the Kegs.[76]" =_316._= Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Trill forth harmonious ditty; Strange things I'll tell, which late befell In Philadelphia city.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading 'Twas early day, as poets say, Just when the sun was rising, A soldier stood on a log of wood, And saw a thing surprising.

Chapter 4 of Choice Specimens of American Literature by Benj. N. (Benjamin Nicholas) Martin holds 1260 sentences, grouped into 252 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Choice Specimens of American Literature contain?

Chapter 4 holds 1260 sentences of Choice Specimens of American Literature, unabridged, divided into 252 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Choice Specimens of American Literature by Benj. N. (Benjamin Nicholas) Martin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1260 sentences, grouped into 252 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Choice Specimens of American Literature?

Work through the 252 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 252 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Choice Specimens of American Literature

Common questions about reading Choice Specimens of American Literature by Benj. N. (Benjamin Nicholas) Martin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Choice Specimens of American Literature?

Yes. All 6307 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11122 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Choice Specimens of American Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11122, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Choice Specimens of American Literature take to read?

About 525 minutes of reading across 1262 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Choice Specimens of American Literature section by section

How to work through Choice Specimens of American Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Choice Specimens of American Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Choice Specimens of American Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Choice Specimens of American Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Religious
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Choice Specimens of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Choice Specimens of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seventeenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Choice Specimens of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eighteenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Choice Specimens of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.