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Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers
Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.
Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."
Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.
In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.
"God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.
Line 2
Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."
Line 3
Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.
Line 4
In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.
/ɪn ə ˈmoʊmənt hiː sɔː baɪ ðə laɪt ʌv ðə ɡæs ðæt ðə tʃaɪld wɑːz stɪl ðer/
Line 5
"God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.
/ɡɑːd biː preɪzd sed hiː ənd hɪz hɑːrt ɡeɪv ə ɡreɪt θrɑːb ʌv dʒɔɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bench noun US /bentʃ/

a long seat for more than one person

From this reading “Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.”

brusquely adverb US /ˈbrʌskli/

in a blunt direct manner

From this reading “Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."”

brutally adverb US /ˈbruːtəli/

in a vicious manner

From this reading “Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.”

envious adjective US /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading “Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.”

gamblers noun US /ˈɡæmblərz/

plural of “gambler” — a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events

From this reading “Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.”

gas noun US /ɡæs/

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading “In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.”

praised verb US /preɪzd/

past form of “praise” — express approval of

From this reading “"God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.”

throb verb US /θrɑːb/

pulsate or pound with abnormal force

From this reading “"God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few minutes adjective + noun

In this reading “Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."”

stone bench noun + noun

In this reading “Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.”

loud voice adjective + noun

In this reading “Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."”

quarter past noun + noun

In this reading “But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.”

into the street preposition + article + noun counted as “into … street”

In this reading “Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.”

throb of verb + particle

In this reading “"God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

benchnounUS /bentʃ/

a long seat for more than one person

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

brusquelyadverbUS /ˈbrʌskli/

in a blunt direct manner

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

brutallyadverbUS /ˈbruːtəli/

in a vicious manner

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.

clocknounUS /klɑːk/

a timepiece that shows the time of day

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

enviousadjectiveUS /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

FinallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

gamblersnounUS /ˈɡæmblərz/

plural of “gambler” — a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

gasnounUS /ɡæs/

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading "God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading "God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

half-past

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading "God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading "God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.

loudadjectiveUS /laʊd/

characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

Lucien

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

praisedverbUS /preɪzd/

past form of “praise” — express approval of

From this reading "God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In a moment he saw by the light of the gas that the child was still there.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

throbverbUS /θrɑːb/

pulsate or pound with abnormal force

From this reading "God be praised!" said he, and his heart gave a great throb of joy.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

to-night

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But the clock struck one, a quarter past, half-past, and Lucien was still there.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

wedging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Lucien started, and wedging his way brutally through the group of gamblers, who pressed around him in envious admiration, hurried out into the street and ran as fast as he could toward the stone bench.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Finally, a few minutes before two the man opposite him rose brusquely and said in a loud voice,-- "The bank is broken, gentlemen; this will do for to-night."

Chapter 2 of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers by Antoinette [Translator] Ogden holds 394 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers contain?

Chapter 2 holds 394 sentences of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers by Antoinette [Translator] Ogden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 394 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers

Common questions about reading Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers by Antoinette [Translator] Ogden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers?

Yes. All 2835 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47333 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47333, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers take to read?

About 236 minutes of reading across 567 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers section by section

How to work through Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Detailed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christmas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
French
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.