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Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Christopher Columbus is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Christopher Columbus
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.
At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.
All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.
Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.
Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Christopher Columbus

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Christopher Columbus is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.
Line 2
At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.
/æt ðə seɪm taɪm ˈmeni ˌmælkənˈtents rɪˈtɜːrnd tuː speɪn ˈæŋɡri bɪˈkɔːz ɪn pleɪs ʌv ðə ˈrɪtʃəz ðeɪ hæd ɪkˈspektəd ðeɪ hæd ɪnˈkaʊntərd ˈoʊnli ˈhɑːrdʃɪps ənd ˈpɑːvərti/
Line 3
All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.
/ɔːl ʌv ðiːz ˈpiːpəl rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd kəˈlʌmbəs æz ðə soʊl kɑːz ʌv ðer ˈblæstəd hoʊps ənd ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ənd ˈkɜːrsɪz wɜːr hiːpt əˈpɑːn hɪm ɔːl ˈoʊvər speɪn/
Line 4
Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.
/enˈkɜːrɪdʒd baɪ hɪz ˈpaʊərfəl ˈenəmiz ðeɪ ˌoʊvərˈwelmd ðə kɪŋ ənd kwiːn wɪð pəˈtɪʃənz fɔːr ˌkɑːmpənˈseɪʃən fɔːr ðer ˈlɔːsəz ənd wɪð kəmˈpleɪnts ʌv ðə ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs ənd əˈpreʃən ðeɪ əˈledʒd ðeɪ hæd ˈsʌfərd frʌm hɪm/
Line 5
Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.
/ðer ˈræɡəd əˈtaɪər ənd peɪl ˈfæmɪʃt əˈpɪrəns ərˈaʊzd ˈsɪmpəθi fɔːr ðem ənd lent ðer ˈsteɪtmənts ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv truːθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accusations noun US /ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz/

plural of “accusation” — a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

From this reading “All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.”

Domingo noun US /doʊˈmɪŋɡoʊ/

Spanish operatic tenor noted for performances in operas by Verdi and Puccini (born in 1941)

From this reading “Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.”

famished adjective US /ˈfæmɪʃt/

extremely hungry

From this reading “Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.”

Fetters noun US /ˈfetərz/

plural of “fetter” — a shackle for the ankles or feet

From this reading “Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.”

malcontents noun US /ˌmælkənˈtents/

plural of “malcontent” — a person who is discontented or disgusted

From this reading “At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.”

petitions noun US /pəˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “petition” — a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading “Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.”

Sovereigns noun US /ˈsɑːvrənz/

plural of “sovereign” — a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading “Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.”

Vindicated adjective US /ˈvɪndəkeɪtɪd/

freed from any question of guilt

From this reading “Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.”

sole cause noun + noun

In this reading “All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.”

powerful enemies adjective + noun counted as “powerful enemy”

In this reading “Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.”

suffered from verb + particle counted as “suffer from”

In this reading “Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.”

New Countries adjective + noun counted as “new country”

In this reading “Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

accusationsnounUS /ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz/

plural of “accusation” — a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

AgainadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

allegedadjectiveUS /əˈledʒd/

declared but not proved

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

angryadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡri/

feeling or showing anger

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

arousedadjectiveUS /ərˈaʊzd/

aroused to action

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

attirenounUS /əˈtaɪər/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

BackadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

blameverbUS /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

blastedadjectiveUS /ˈblæstəd/

expletives used informally as intensifiers

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

Bobadilla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

Calumniated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

ColumbusnounUS /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

compensationnounUS /ˌkɑːmpənˈseɪʃən/

something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury)

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

complaintsnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnts/

plural of “complaint” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

CountriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

cursesnounUS /ˈkɜːrsɪz/

plural of “curse” — profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

disordernounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdər/

a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

DomingonounUS /doʊˈmɪŋɡoʊ/

Spanish operatic tenor noted for performances in operas by Verdi and Puccini (born in 1941)

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

encounteredverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/

past form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

EncouragedadjectiveUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒd/

inspired with confidence

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

famishedadjectiveUS /ˈfæmɪʃt/

extremely hungry

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

fastenverbUS /ˈfæsən/

cause to be firmly attached

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

FettersnounUS /ˈfetərz/

plural of “fetter” — a shackle for the ankles or feet

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

FleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

hardshipsnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪps/

plural of “hardship” — a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

heapedverbUS /hiːpt/

past form of “heap” — bestow in large quantities

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

injusticenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/

an unjust act

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

InvestigationnounUS /ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən/

an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

lentnounUS /lent/

a period of 40 weekdays from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

lossesnounUS /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

malcontentsnounUS /ˌmælkənˈtents/

plural of “malcontent” — a person who is discontented or disgusted

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

oppressionnounUS /əˈpreʃən/

the act of subjugating by cruelty

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

OrderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

Ovando

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

overwhelmedverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈwelmd/

past form of “overwhelm” — overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

petitionsnounUS /pəˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “petition” — a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

raggedadjectiveUS /ˈræɡəd/

being or dressed in clothes that are worn or torn

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

responsibilitynounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

richesnounUS /ˈrɪtʃəz/

an abundance of material possessions and resources

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

Roldan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

SailsnounUS /seɪlz/

plural of “sail” — a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

SendsverbUS /sendz/

third-person singular of “send” — cause to go somewhere

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

SovereignsnounUS /ˈsɑːvrənz/

plural of “sovereign” — a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

statementsnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənts/

plural of “statement” — a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading Encouraged by his powerful enemies, they overwhelmed the King and Queen with petitions for compensation for their losses and with complaints of the injustice and oppression they alleged they had suffered from him.

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

Thirty-twoadjective

being two more than thirty

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At the same time many malcontents returned to Spain angry because, in place of the riches they had expected, they had encountered only hardships and poverty.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

TournounUS /tʊr/

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Their ragged attire and pale, famished appearance aroused sympathy for them and lent their statements the appearance of truth.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

VesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

VindicatedadjectiveUS /ˈvɪndəkeɪtɪd/

freed from any question of guilt

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All of these people regarded Columbus as the sole cause of their blasted hopes, and accusations and curses were heaped upon him all over Spain.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Columbus Again Calumniated at the Spanish Court—Bobadilla is Ordered to San Domingo on a Tour of Investigation—He Sends Columbus Back to Spain in Fetters—Columbus Vindicated by his Sovereigns—Ovando Sails to the New Countries with a Fleet of Thirty-two Vessels Roldan and his followers did everything in their power to escape responsibility for the disorder which had occurred and fasten the blame upon Columbus.

Chapter 14 of Christopher Columbus by Joachim Heinrich Campe holds 74 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Christopher Columbus contain?

Chapter 14 holds 74 sentences of Christopher Columbus, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Christopher Columbus by Joachim Heinrich Campe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 74 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Christopher Columbus?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Christopher Columbus

Common questions about reading Christopher Columbus by Joachim Heinrich Campe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Christopher Columbus?

Yes. All 1476 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #62366 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Christopher Columbus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #62366, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Christopher Columbus take to read?

About 123 minutes of reading across 296 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Christopher Columbus section by section

How to work through Christopher Columbus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of Christopher Columbus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Christopher Columbus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Christopher Columbus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Christopher Columbus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicago
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Christopher Columbus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mcclurg
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Christopher Columbus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plimpton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Christopher Columbus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.