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Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series
Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Alas, how changed from what it once had been!
Twas now degraded to a common inn.
GAY.
An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.
An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Alas, how changed from what it once had been!
Line 2
Twas now degraded to a common inn.
Line 3
GAY.
/ɡeɪ/
Line 4
An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.
Line 5
An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alterations noun US /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “alteration” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading “An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.”

demolished adjective US /dɪˈmɑːlɪʃt/

torn down and broken up

From this reading “An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.”

holly noun US /ˈhɑːli/

any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges

From this reading “An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.”

hour's noun US /ˈaʊərz/

possessive form of “hour” — a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

remnants noun US /ˈremnənts/

plural of “remnant” — a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading “An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.”

screened verb US /skriːnd/

past form of “screen” — test or examine for the presence of disease or infection

From this reading “An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.”

thereabouts adverb US /ˌðerəˈbaʊts/

near that time or date

From this reading “An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.”

undergone verb US /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ‘Twas now degraded to a common inn.

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

alterationsnounUS /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “alteration” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

amidstprepositionUS /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

briskadjectiveUS /brɪsk/

quick and energetic

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading ‘Twas now degraded to a common inn.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

decentadjectiveUS /ˈdiːsənt/

socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

degradedadjectiveUS /dɪˈɡreɪdəd/

unrestrained by convention or morality

From this reading ‘Twas now degraded to a common inn.

demolishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈmɑːlɪʃt/

torn down and broken up

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

Duntarkin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

GAYadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading GAY.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

hedgesnounUS /ˈhedʒɪz/

plural of “hedge” — a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

hollynounUS /ˈhɑːli/

any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

hour'snounUS /ˈaʊərz/

possessive form of “hour” — a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

innnounUS /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading ‘Twas now degraded to a common inn.

inn-yard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

jointure-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

lady'snounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading ‘Twas now degraded to a common inn.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

remnantsnounUS /ˈremnənts/

plural of “remnant” — a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

screenedverbUS /skriːnd/

past form of “screen” — test or examine for the presence of disease or infection

From this reading An inn-yard extended before the door of the decent little jointure-house, even amidst the remnants of the holly hedges which had screened the lady’s garden.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

thereaboutsadverbUS /ˌðerəˈbaʊts/

near that time or date

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ‘Twas now degraded to a common inn.

Twas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘Twas now degraded to a common inn.

undergoneverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Alas, how changed from what it once had been!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading An hour’s brisk walking, or thereabouts, placed me in front of Duntarkin, which had also, I found, undergone considerable alterations, though it had not been altogether demolished like the principal mansion.

Chapter 4 of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series by Walter Scott holds 123 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series contain?

Chapter 4 holds 123 sentences of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series by Walter Scott exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 123 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series

Common questions about reading Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series by Walter Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series?

Yes. All 2366 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1828 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1828, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series take to read?

About 197 minutes of reading across 474 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series section by section

How to work through Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series

Words and structures a reader meets early in Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Astra
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heaven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ancient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Motto
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.