Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Cinq Mars — Volume 1
Cinq Mars — Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Cinq Mars — Volume 1 is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cinq Mars — Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.
Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.
They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.
Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.
He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cinq Mars — Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Cinq Mars — Volume 1 is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.
Line 2
Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.
Line 3
They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.
Line 4
Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.
Line 5
He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cio noun US /ˌsiːaɪˈoʊ/

a federation of North American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955

From this reading “THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.”

countenanced verb US /ˈkaʊntənənst/

past form of “countenance” — consent to, give permission

From this reading “Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.”

dante noun US /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading “THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.”

intimidate verb US /ˌɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

make timid or fearful

From this reading “He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.”

manifesto noun US /ˌmænəˈfestoʊ/

a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)

From this reading “THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.”

Richelieu noun US /ˈrɪʃəluː/

French prelate and statesman; principal minister to Louis XIII (1585-1642)

From this reading “Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.”

sanction noun US /ˈsæŋkʃən/

formal and explicit approval

From this reading “They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.”

vendetta noun US /venˈdetə/

a feud in which members of the opposing parties murder each other

From this reading “THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

agentnounUS /ˈeɪdʒənt/

an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

agli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

allowingverbUS /əˈlaʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

CardinalnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

che

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

ciascun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

CionounUS /ˌsiːaɪˈoʊ/

a federation of North American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

committedadjectiveUS /kəˈmɪtɪd/

bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

contraryadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːntreri/

very opposed in nature or character or purpose

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

countenancedverbUS /ˈkaʊntənənst/

past form of “countenance” — consent to, give permission

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

CureverbUS /kjʊr/

provide a cure for, make healthy again

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

danounUS /dɑː/

an official prosecutor for a judicial district

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

DANTEnounUS /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

dei

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

di

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

Dio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

dismaynounUS /dɪˈsmeɪ/

the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

errornounUS /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

Esser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

fu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

Grandier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

indignationnounUS /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

a feeling of righteous anger

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

intimidateverbUS /ˌɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

make timid or fearful

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

judgesnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪz/

a book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel under the leaders known as judges

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

justifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪd/

having words so spaced that lines have straight even margins

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

Laubardemont

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

legge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

Loudun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

manifestonounUS /ˌmænəˈfestoʊ/

a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

miei

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

NotwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

occhi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

OhnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

preynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

promptverbUS /prɑːmpt/

give an incentive for action

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

quanto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

repentedverbUS /rɪˈpentɪd/

past form of “repent” — turn away from sin or do penitence

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

RichelieunounUS /ˈrɪʃəluː/

French prelate and statesman; principal minister to Louis XIII (1585-1642)

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

sanctionnounUS /ˈsæŋkʃən/

formal and explicit approval

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

temuta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

TRIALnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

trialsnounUS /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading Notwithstanding the custom of having secret trials, freely countenanced by Richelieu, the judges of the Cure of Loudun had resolved that the court should be open to the public; but they soon repented this measure.

Urbain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading He committed but one error--that of allowing a public trial, contrary to the usual custom; his object had been to intimidate and to dismay.

vendettanounUS /venˈdetə/

a feud in which members of the opposing parties murder each other

From this reading THE TRIAL Oh, vendetta di Dio, quanto to dei Esser temuta da ciascun che legge Cio, che fu manifesto agli occhi miei.--DANTE.

vengeancenounUS /ˈvendʒəns/

the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were all interested in the destruction of Urbain Grandier; but they desired that the indignation of the country should in some degree sanction the sentence of death they had received orders to pass and to carry into effect.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Laubardemont was a kind of bird of prey, whom the Cardinal always let loose when he required a prompt and sure agent for his vengeance; and on this occasion he fully justified the choice that had been made of him.

Chapter 4 of Cinq Mars — Volume 1 by Alfred de Vigny holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Cinq Mars — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 160 sentences of Cinq Mars — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Cinq Mars — Volume 1 by Alfred de Vigny exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Cinq Mars — Volume 1?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cinq Mars — Volume 1

Common questions about reading Cinq Mars — Volume 1 by Alfred de Vigny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cinq Mars — Volume 1?

Yes. All 772 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3947 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cinq Mars — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3947, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cinq Mars — Volume 1 take to read?

About 64 minutes of reading across 155 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cinq Mars — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Cinq Mars — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Cinq Mars — Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cinq Mars — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cinq Mars — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Forever
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cinq Mars — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Still
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cinq Mars — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Byron
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cinq Mars — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cinq Mars — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.