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Citadel
Citadel

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Citadel is here in full — 769 sentences across 154 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Citadel
Context Illustration Reading 1/153 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.
And--never quite seemed to achieve it.
All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.
By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.
His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Citadel

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Citadel is here in full — 769 sentences across 154 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/153 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.
/hiː wɑːz ˈlʊkɪŋ fɔːr ə ˈpraɪvəsi hɪz streɪndʒ ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti ˈniːdəd/
Line 2
And--never quite seemed to achieve it.
Line 3
All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.
Line 4
By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.
/baɪ tɜːrnz hiː sæt ˈstɪfli ɪn ə ˈkɔːrnər tʃer ɔːr peɪst əˈniːzəli hɪz hed ˈswɪvəlɪŋ ˈkɑːnstəntli/
Line 5
His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.
/hɪz hænd wɑːz ˈklæmi wen miːd ʃʊk ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aging noun US /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/

acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time

From this reading “All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.”

clammy adjective US /ˈklæmi/

unpleasantly cool and humid

From this reading “His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.”

failures noun US /ˈfeɪljərz/

plural of “failure” — an act that fails

From this reading “All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.”

Mead noun US /miːd/

United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)

From this reading “His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.”

profusely adverb US /prəˈfjuːsli/

in an abundant manner

From this reading “All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.”

sweating noun US /ˈswetɪŋ/

the process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid

From this reading “All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.”

swiveling verb US /ˈswɪvəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “swivel” — turn on a pivot

From this reading “By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.”

triumphs noun US /ˈtraɪəmfs/

plural of “triumph” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading “All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

outer office adjective + noun

In this reading “All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.”

glances at verb + particle counted as “glance at”

In this reading “All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.”

in a corner preposition + article + noun counted as “in … corner”

In this reading “By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

achieveverbUS /əˈtʃiːv/

to gain with effort

From this reading And--never quite seemed to achieve it.

agingnounUS /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/

acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And--never quite seemed to achieve it.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

clammyadjectiveUS /ˈklæmi/

unpleasantly cool and humid

From this reading His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

dartedverbUS /ˈdɑːrtɪd/

past form of “dart” — move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

failuresnounUS /ˈfeɪljərz/

plural of “failure” — an act that fails

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

glancesnounUS /ˈɡlænsɪz/

plural of “glance” — a quick look

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And--never quite seemed to achieve it.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

MeadnounUS /miːd/

United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)

From this reading His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading And--never quite seemed to achieve it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

pacedverbUS /peɪst/

past form of “pace” — walk with slow or fast paces

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

personalitynounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

privacynounUS /ˈpraɪvəsi/

the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

profuselyadverbUS /prəˈfjuːsli/

in an abundant manner

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading And--never quite seemed to achieve it.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading And--never quite seemed to achieve it.

shooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.

sidelongadjective

(used especially of glances) directed to one side with or as if with doubt or suspicion or envy

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

somehowadverbUS /ˈsʌmhaʊ/

in some unspecified way or manner; or by some unspecified means

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

stifflyadverbUS /ˈstɪfli/

in a stiff manner

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

sweatingnounUS /ˈswetɪŋ/

the process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

swivelingverbUS /ˈswɪvəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “swivel” — turn on a pivot

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And--never quite seemed to achieve it.

triumphsnounUS /ˈtraɪəmfs/

plural of “triumph” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

uneasilyadverbUS /əˈniːzəli/

with anxiety or apprehension

From this reading By turns, he sat stiffly in a corner chair or paced uneasily, his head swiveling constantly.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _He was looking for a privacy his strange personality needed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading His hand was clammy when Mead shook it.

windowless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All his efforts were, somehow--great triumphs of the race, and great failures for him!_ The aging man was sweating profusely, and he darted sidelong glances at the windowless walls of the outer office.

Chapter 1 of Citadel by Algis Budrys holds 769 sentences, grouped into 154 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Citadel contain?

Chapter 1 holds 769 sentences of Citadel, unabridged, divided into 154 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Citadel by Algis Budrys exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 769 sentences, grouped into 154 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Citadel?

Work through the 154 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 154 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Citadel

Common questions about reading Citadel by Algis Budrys on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Citadel?

Yes. All 769 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26191 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Citadel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26191, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Citadel take to read?

About 64 minutes of reading across 154 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Citadel section by section

How to work through Citadel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Citadel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Citadel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Citadel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Looking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Citadel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Privacy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Citadel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Strange
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Citadel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personality
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Citadel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.