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Cities of the Dawn
Cities of the Dawn

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Cities of the Dawn is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE RIVER NILE.
At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.
The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.
A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.
Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cities of the Dawn

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Cities of the Dawn is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RIVER NILE.
/ðə ˈrɪvər naɪl/
Line 2
At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.
Line 3
The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.
/ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv ˈiːdʒəpt ɪz ðə ˈoʊldəst noʊn tuː ʌs/
Line 4
A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.
/ə lɑːrdʒ ˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ɪts ˈhɪstəri kæn biː kənˈstrʌktəd frʌm ðə ˈneɪtɪv rəˈkɔːrdz ʌv ðə ɪˈdʒɪpʃənz ənd ðoʊz rəˈkɔːrdz ɑːr ɔːl tuː biː faʊnd ɑːn ðə bæŋks ʌv ðə naɪl/
Line 5
Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

constructed verb US /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading “A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.”

Egyptians noun US /ɪˈdʒɪpʃənz/

plural of “egyptian” — a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading “A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.”

founded verb US /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading “Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.”

Memphis noun US /ˈmemfəs/

largest city of Tennessee; located in southwestern Tennessee on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River

From this reading “Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.”

nile noun US /naɪl/

the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization

From this reading “THE RIVER NILE.”

oldest adjective US /ˈoʊldəst/

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading “The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.”

records noun US /rəˈkɔːrdz/

plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading “A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.”

sources noun US /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading “At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

four hundred noun + noun

the exclusive social set of a city

In this reading “Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.”

At length preposition + noun

in a lengthy or prolix manner

In this reading “At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.”

large portion adjective + noun

In this reading “A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.”

Four thousand noun + noun

In this reading “Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.”

on the banks preposition + article + noun counted as “on … banks”

In this reading “A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

ChristnounUS /kraɪst/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

constructedverbUS /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.

EgyptiansnounUS /ɪˈdʒɪpʃənz/

plural of “egyptian” — a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

FournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

marvellousadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrvələs/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

MemphisnounUS /ˈmemfəs/

largest city of Tennessee; located in southwestern Tennessee on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

Mena

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

NILEnounUS /naɪl/

the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization

From this reading THE RIVER NILE.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

oldestadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldəst/

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

recordsnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdz/

plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

RIVERnounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading THE RIVER NILE.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

sourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

templenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RIVER NILE.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading A large portion of its history can be constructed from the native records of the Egyptians, and those records are all to be found on the banks of the Nile.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The history of Egypt is the oldest known to us.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At length I gaze on the Nile—that marvellous river, the sources of which, though many have tried to find them, have only been discovered in our day.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Four thousand four hundred years before Christ, Mena, the first King of Egypt of whom we have a record, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile and established a temple service there.

Chapter 16 of Cities of the Dawn by J. Ewing (James Ewing) Ritchie holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Cities of the Dawn contain?

Chapter 16 holds 94 sentences of Cities of the Dawn, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Cities of the Dawn by J. Ewing (James Ewing) Ritchie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Cities of the Dawn?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cities of the Dawn

Common questions about reading Cities of the Dawn by J. Ewing (James Ewing) Ritchie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cities of the Dawn?

Yes. All 2476 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36084 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cities of the Dawn is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36084, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cities of the Dawn take to read?

About 206 minutes of reading across 496 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cities of the Dawn section by section

How to work through Cities of the Dawn section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Cities of the Dawn to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cities of the Dawn

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cities of the Dawn, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Naples
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cities of the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Athens
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cities of the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pompeii
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cities of the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constantinople
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cities of the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.