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Civilization in the United States
Civilization in the United States

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Civilization in the United States is here in full — 477 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Civilization in the United States
Context Illustration Reading 1/95 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.
This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.
If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.
But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.
Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Civilization in the United States

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Civilization in the United States is here in full — 477 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/95 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.
Line 2
This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.
Line 3
If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.
/ɪf ɪt wɜːr ə mɪr kəˈlekʃən ʌv hæpˈhæzərd eˈseɪz ˈɡæðərd təˈɡeðər tuː meɪk ðə kənˈvenʃənəl sɪmˈpoʊziəm ɪt wʊd hæv ˈoʊnli slaɪt səɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
Line 4
But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.
Line 5
Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boldface noun US /ˈboʊldfeɪs/

a typeface with thick heavy lines

From this reading “Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.”

equals noun US /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading “Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.”

haphazard adjective US /hæpˈhæzərd/

dependent upon or characterized by chance

From this reading “If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.”

illuminate verb US /ɪˈluː.mɪ.neɪt/

To light up or make clear; to decorate a manuscript with gold, silver, or brilliant colors.

From this reading “But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.”

Italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.”

outgrowth noun US /ˈaʊtɡroʊθ/

a natural consequence of development

From this reading “But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.”

symposium noun US /sɪmˈpoʊziəm/

a meeting or conference for the public discussion of some topic especially one in which the participants form an audience and make presentations

From this reading “If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Personal contact adjective + noun

In this reading “Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.”

most familiar adverb + adjective

In this reading “But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.

ALL-CAPS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.

boldfacenounUS /ˈboʊldfeɪs/

a typeface with thick heavy lines

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

co-operation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

conventionaladjectiveUS /kənˈvenʃənəl/

following accepted customs and proprieties

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

deliberateadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪbərət/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

equalsnounUS /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

essaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

haphazardadjectiveUS /hæpˈhæzərd/

dependent upon or characterized by chance

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

illuminateverbUS /ɪˈluː.mɪ.neɪt/

To light up or make clear; to decorate a manuscript with gold, silver, or brilliant colors.

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

IndexnounUS /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

ItalicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

like-mindedadjective

of the same turn of mind

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

organizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

outgrowthnounUS /ˈaʊtɡroʊθ/

a natural consequence of development

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

overemphasisnoun

too much emphasis

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

PersonaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

selectionnounUS /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

significancenounUS /səɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

the quality of being significant

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

Small-Caps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

symposiumnounUS /sɪmˈpoʊziəm/

a meeting or conference for the public discussion of some topic especially one in which the participants form an audience and make presentations

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

thirty-odd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This book has been an adventure in intellectual co-operation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

unitynounUS /ˈjuːnəti/

an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_; boldface text is enclosed in =equals signs=; Small-Caps text is shown as ALL-CAPS Other notes will be found following the Index.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading But it has been the deliberate and organized outgrowth of the common efforts of like-minded men and women to see the problem of modern American civilization as a whole, and to illuminate by careful criticism the special aspect of that civilization with which the individual is most familiar.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Personal contact has served to correct overemphasis, and slow and careful selection of the members of a group which has now grown to some thirty-odd has given to this work a unity of approach and attack which it otherwise could not possibly have had.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If it were a mere collection of haphazard essays, gathered together to make the conventional symposium, it would have only slight significance.

Chapter 1 of Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns holds 477 sentences, grouped into 96 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Civilization in the United States contain?

Chapter 1 holds 477 sentences of Civilization in the United States, unabridged, divided into 96 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 477 sentences, grouped into 96 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Civilization in the United States?

Work through the 96 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 96 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Civilization in the United States

Common questions about reading Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Civilization in the United States?

Yes. All 7697 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68385 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Civilization in the United States is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68385, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Civilization in the United States take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1540 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Civilization in the United States section by section

How to work through Civilization in the United States section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Civilization in the United States to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Civilization in the United States

Words and structures a reader meets early in Civilization in the United States, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boldface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.