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Civilization in the United States
Civilization in the United States

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Civilization in the United States is here in full — 465 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/93 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.
Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.
The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.
Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.
Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Civilization in the United States

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Civilization in the United States is here in full — 465 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/93 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.
Line 2
Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.
Line 3
The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.
/ðə ˈprɑːses ɪz soʊ ˈsɪmpəl ðæt klɜːrks ˈpræktɪs ɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðer veɪˈkeɪʃənz æt ðə ʃɔːr/
Line 4
Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.
Line 5
Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.
/ɪts tʃiːf ˈfʌŋkʃən pərˈhæps ɪz tuː dɪsˈɡaɪz ðə eˈsenʃəli ˈmɑːnəteri ˈkerɪktər ʌv əˈmerəkən ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bunkers noun US /ˈbʌŋkərz/

plural of “bunker” — a hazard on a golf course

From this reading “Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.”

entrench verb US /enˈtrentʃ/

fix firmly or securely

From this reading “Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.”

geographical adjective US /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to the science of geography

From this reading “Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.”

inadvertence noun US /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtəns/

an unintentional omission resulting from failure to notice something

From this reading “Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.”

monetary adjective US /ˈmɑːnəteri/

relating to or involving money

From this reading “Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.”

qualification noun US /ˌkwɑːləfəˈkeɪʃən/

an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something

From this reading “Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.”

unanimity noun US /ˌjuːnəˈnɪməti/

everyone being of one mind

From this reading “Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.”

vacations noun US /veɪˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “vacation” — leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading “The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

class distinction noun + noun

In this reading “Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.”

social life adjective + noun

In this reading “Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.”

wiped out verb + adjective counted as “wipe out”

use up (resources or materials)

In this reading “Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

BesidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.

bunkersnounUS /ˈbʌŋkərz/

plural of “bunker” — a hazard on a golf course

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

charmnounUS /tʃɑːrm/

attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

From this reading Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

clerksnounUS /klɜːrks/

plural of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

disguisenounUS /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

A means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity.

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

entrenchverbUS /enˈtrentʃ/

fix firmly or securely

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

essentiallyadverbUS /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

FamiliesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

functionnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

geographicaladjectiveUS /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to the science of geography

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

inadvertencenounUS /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtəns/

an unintentional omission resulting from failure to notice something

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

moderateverbUS /ˈmɑːdərət/

preside over

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

monetaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːnəteri/

relating to or involving money

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

obviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

overleapt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

practiseverbUS /ˈpræktɪs/

engage in a rehearsal

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

qualificationnounUS /ˌkwɑːləfəˈkeɪʃən/

an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something

From this reading Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Its chief function, perhaps, is to disguise the essentially monetary character of American social life.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

strokesnounUS /stroʊks/

plural of “stroke” — (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

tendedverbUS /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Besides money, there is one other qualification--personal charm.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

unanimitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈnɪməti/

everyone being of one mind

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

vacationsnounUS /veɪˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “vacation” — leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading The process is so simple that clerks practise it during their vacations at the shore.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Families may continue to hold their place only on the condition that they keep their money or get more; and a moderate fortune, no matter how quickly come by, has only to make a few correct strokes, avoid a few obvious bunkers, and it will found a family by inadvertence.

wipedverbUS /waɪpt/

past form of “wipe” — rub with a circular motion

From this reading Before it overleapt the geographical walls, this national unanimity had wiped out every class distinction but one, which it has steadily tended to entrench--the money line.

Chapter 4 of Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns holds 465 sentences, grouped into 93 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Civilization in the United States contain?

Chapter 4 holds 465 sentences of Civilization in the United States, unabridged, divided into 93 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 465 sentences, grouped into 93 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Civilization in the United States?

Work through the 93 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 93 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Civilization in the United States

Common questions about reading Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Civilization in the United States?

Yes. All 7697 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68385 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Civilization in the United States is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68385, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Civilization in the United States take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1540 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Civilization in the United States section by section

How to work through Civilization in the United States section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Civilization in the United States to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Civilization in the United States

Words and structures a reader meets early in Civilization in the United States, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boldface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.