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Civilization in the United States
Civilization in the United States

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Civilization in the United States is here in full — 473 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/94 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.
Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.
Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.
But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.
The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Civilization in the United States

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Civilization in the United States is here in full — 473 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/94 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.
Line 2
Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.
/jet ɪt wʊd biː kwaɪt mɪˈsliːdɪŋ tuː meɪk ɪt əˈpɪr æz ɪf ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˌreprɪˈzentɪd ˈmɪrli ə væst əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃən ʌv ˌʌnɪnˈspaɪərd ruːˈtiːn dʒɑːbz/
Line 3
Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.
Line 4
But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.
/bʌt hiː fərˈɡɑːt ðæt ɪn ˈsaɪəns feɪm ɪz ə ˈveri ˌɪˈnædəkwət ˈɪndeks ʌv ˈmerət/
Line 5
The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dynamics noun US /daɪˈnæmɪks/

the branch of mechanics concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies

From this reading “The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.”

Galileo's noun US /ˌɡæləˈliːoʊz/

possessive form of “galileo” — Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars

painstaking adjective US /ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading “Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.”

paucity noun US /ˈpɔːsətiː/

an insufficient quantity or number

From this reading “Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.”

savants noun US /ˈsævənts/

plural of “savant” — someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field

tantalizingly adverb US /ˈtæntəlaɪzɪŋli/

in a tantalizing manner

From this reading “The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.”

uninspired adjective US /ˌʌnɪnˈspaɪərd/

having no intellectual or emotional or spiritual excitement

From this reading “Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.”

worthwhile adjective US /ˈwɜːrˈθwaɪl/

sufficiently valuable to justify the investment of time or interest

From this reading “Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

seventy years adjective + noun

In this reading “Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.”

human knowledge adjective + noun

In this reading “Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.”

lapse of verb + particle

In this reading “Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.”

Some years adjective + noun

In this reading “Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

abilitynounUS /əˈbɪlətiː/

the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

accumulationnounUS /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃən/

an increase by natural growth or addition

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

additionsnounUS /əˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “addition” — a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

contributionnounUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈbjuːʃən/

the effort contributed by a person in bringing about a result

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

contributionsnounUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈbjuːʃənz/

plural of “contribution” — the effort contributed by a person in bringing about a result

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

countrymennounUS /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

debatingverbUS /dəˈbeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “debate” — argue with one another

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

determineverbUS /dəˈtɜːrmən/

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

discontentnounUS /dɪskənˈtent/

a longing for something better than the present situation

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

discoveriesnounUS /dɪˈskʌvəriz/

plural of “discovery” — the act of discovering something

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

dynamicsnounUS /daɪˈnæmɪks/

the branch of mechanics concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

forgotverbUS /fərˈɡɑːt/

inflected form of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

Galileo'snounUS /ˌɡæləˈliːoʊz/

possessive form of “galileo” — Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

hundredfoldadverb

by a factor of one hundred

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

inadequateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnædəkwət/

lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

indexnounUS /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

jobsnounUS /dʒɑːbz/

plural of “job” — the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

lapseverbUS /læps/

pass into a specified state or condition

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

misleadingadjectiveUS /mɪˈsliːdɪŋ/

designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

multipliedadjectiveUS /ˈmʌltəplaɪd/

greatly increased as by multiplication

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

painstakingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

paucitynounUS /ˈpɔːsətiː/

an insufficient quantity or number

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

pavedadjectiveUS /peɪvd/

covered with a firm surface

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

preciseadjectiveUS /prɪˈsaɪs/

sharply exact or accurate or delimited

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

predecessorsnounUS /ˈpredəsesərz/

plural of “predecessor” — one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

routinenounUS /ruːˈtiːn/

an unvarying or habitual method or procedure

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

savantsnounUS /ˈsævənts/

plural of “savant” — someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

scholarsnounUS /ˈskɑːlərz/

plural of “scholar” — a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

sensationallyadverb

in a sensational manner

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

seventyadjectiveUS /ˈsevənti/

being ten more than sixty

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

tantalizinglyadverbUS /ˈtæntəlaɪzɪŋli/

in a tantalizing manner

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

uninspiredadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪnˈspaɪərd/

having no intellectual or emotional or spiritual excitement

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But he forgot that in science fame is a very inadequate index of merit.

voicedadjectiveUS /vɔɪst/

produced with vibration of the vocal cords

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The precise contribution made by one man’s individual ability is one of the most tantalizingly difficult things to determine--so much so that scholars are still debating in what measure Galileo’s predecessors paved the way for his discoveries in dynamics.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

worthwhileadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrˈθwaɪl/

sufficiently valuable to justify the investment of time or interest

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Some years ago, to be sure, an American writer rather sensationally voiced his discontent with the paucity of celebrated _savants_ among our countrymen.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Thus even seventy years ago and more the United States had by honest, painstaking labour made worthwhile additions to human knowledge and these contributions have naturally multiplied a hundredfold with the lapse of years.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet it would be quite misleading to make it appear as if the total represented merely a vast accumulation of uninspired routine jobs.

Chapter 5 of Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns holds 473 sentences, grouped into 95 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Civilization in the United States contain?

Chapter 5 holds 473 sentences of Civilization in the United States, unabridged, divided into 95 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 473 sentences, grouped into 95 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Civilization in the United States?

Work through the 95 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 95 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Civilization in the United States

Common questions about reading Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Civilization in the United States?

Yes. All 7697 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68385 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Civilization in the United States is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68385, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Civilization in the United States take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1540 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Civilization in the United States section by section

How to work through Civilization in the United States section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Civilization in the United States to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Civilization in the United States

Words and structures a reader meets early in Civilization in the United States, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boldface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.