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Civilization in the United States
Civilization in the United States

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Civilization in the United States is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
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J. T. S.
BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.
All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.
For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.
For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Civilization in the United States

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Civilization in the United States is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
J. T. S.
/dʒeɪ tiː es/
Line 2
BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.
/ˈbɪznəs wɪˈðɪn ðə ˈlɪməts ʌv ðɪs speɪs ˈeniθɪŋ laɪk æn ˈædəkwət ˈrefərəns tuː ðə sɔːrs bʊks ʌv fækt ənd θɔːt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/
Line 3
All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.
Line 4
For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to readPrinciples of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.
/fɔːr ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃənz ʌv æn ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ wʌn niːdz ˈoʊnli tuː red ˈprɪnsəpəlz ʌv pəˈlɪtəkəl ɪˈkɑːnəmi baɪ ˈsaɪmən ˈnuːkəm ðə əˈmerəkən əˈstrɑːnəmər huː ɪn ə muːd ʌv ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən ˌɪnˈklaɪnd hɪz maɪnd tuː ðɪs mənˈdeɪn ˈmætər ənd prəˈduːst ðə ˈfaɪnəst bʊk ʌv ɪts kaɪnd ɪn ðə wɜːrld/
Line 5
For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there isA Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arbitrary adjective US /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading “All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.”

astronomer noun US /əˈstrɑːnəmər/

a physicist who studies astronomy

From this reading “For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.”

Census noun US /ˈsensəs/

a periodic count of the population

From this reading “For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.”

economic adjective US /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk/

of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth

From this reading “For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.”

mundane adjective US /mənˈdeɪn/

found in the ordinary course of events

From this reading “For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.”

Newcomb noun US /ˈnuːkəm/

United States astronomer (1835-1909)

From this reading “For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.”

phenomena noun US /fəˈnɑːmənə/

plural of “phenomenon” — any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading “For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.”

thoroughfare noun US /ˈθɜːroʊfer/

a public road from one place to another

From this reading “All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Political Economy adjective + noun

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

In this reading “For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.”

Within the limits preposition + article + noun counted as “within … limit”

In this reading “BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.”

take off verb + particle

leave

In this reading “All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.”

under the direction preposition + article + noun counted as “under … direction”

In this reading “For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.”

own interests verb + noun counted as “own interest”

In this reading “All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1909

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

adequateadjectiveUS /ˈædəkwət/

having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

arbitraryadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

astronomernounUS /əˈstrɑːnəmər/

a physicist who studies astronomy

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

attemptedadjectiveUS /əˈtemptɪd/

tried unsuccessfully

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

BureaunounUS /ˈbjʊroʊ/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

BUSINESSnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

CensusnounUS /ˈsensəs/

a periodic count of the population

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

CenturynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

developverbUS /dɪˈveləp/

make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

documentnounUS /ˈdɑːkjəment/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

economicadjectiveUS /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk/

of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

EconomynounUS /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

the system of production and distribution and consumption

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

GrowthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

irritationnounUS /ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən/

the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading J. T. S.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

limitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

mundaneadjectiveUS /mənˈdeɪn/

found in the ordinary course of events

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

needsadverbUS /niːdz/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

NewcombnounUS /ˈnuːkəm/

United States astronomer (1835-1909)

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

phenomenanounUS /fəˈnɑːmənə/

plural of “phenomenon” — any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

physiognomynoun

the human face (“kisser” and “smiler” and “mug” are informal terms for “face” and “phiz” is British)

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

PoliticaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

PopulationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

PrinciplesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading J. T. S.

SimonnounUS /ˈsaɪmən/

one of the twelve Apostles (first century)

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

suggestverbUS /səˈdʒest/

make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading J. T. S.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

thoroughfarenounUS /ˈθɜːroʊfer/

a public road from one place to another

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop.

WithinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading BUSINESS Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world.

Chapter 17 of Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns holds 228 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Civilization in the United States contain?

Chapter 17 holds 228 sentences of Civilization in the United States, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 228 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Civilization in the United States?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Civilization in the United States

Common questions about reading Civilization in the United States by Harold [Editor] Stearns on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Civilization in the United States?

Yes. All 7697 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68385 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Civilization in the United States is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68385, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Civilization in the United States take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1540 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Civilization in the United States section by section

How to work through Civilization in the United States section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Civilization in the United States

Words and structures a reader meets early in Civilization in the United States, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boldface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Civilization in the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.