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Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3)
Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 57 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3)
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.
A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.
The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.
Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.
From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 57 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.
Line 2
A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.
Line 3
The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.
Line 4
Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.
/əˈlɔːŋ ðə diːp ˈbɑːtəm ɡliːmz ə ˈsɪlvər kɔːrd wer ðə kræmpt striːm tʃeɪfs ɪts weɪ ˈbedɪd ənd bæŋkt ɪn stoʊn wɪˈθaʊt ə bleɪd ʌv ɡriːn/
Line 5
From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

banked verb US /bæŋkt/

past form of “bank” — tip laterally

From this reading “Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.”

bedded adjective US /ˈbedɪd/

deposited or arranged in horizontal layers

From this reading “Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.”

chafes noun US /tʃeɪfs/

plural of “chafe” — soreness and warmth caused by friction

From this reading “Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.”

converge verb US /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

be adjacent or come together

From this reading “The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.”

dingle noun US /ˈdɪŋɡəl/

a small wooded hollow

From this reading “A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.”

nears verb US /nɪrz/

third-person singular of “near” — move towards

From this reading “A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.”

slates noun US /sleɪts/

plural of “slate” — (formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading “From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.”

steeply adverb US /ˈstiːpli/

in a steep manner

From this reading “The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

turned upside adjective + noun

In this reading “The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.”

narrow winding verb + adjective

In this reading “A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.”

ten million noun + noun

In this reading “From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.”

mountain sides noun + noun counted as “mountain side”

In this reading “The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.”

stretch of verb + particle

In this reading “From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.”

All words in this reading · 141

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

AlongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

ballastnounUS /ˈbæləst/

any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airship

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

bankedverbUS /bæŋkt/

past form of “bank” — tip laterally

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

Barton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

beddedadjectiveUS /ˈbedɪd/

deposited or arranged in horizontal layers

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

bladenounUS /bleɪd/

especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

bouldernounUS /ˈboʊldər/

a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

BristolnounUS /ˈbrɪstəl/

an industrial city and port in southwestern England near the mouth of the River Avon

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

burstsnounUS /bɜːrsts/

plural of “burst” — the act of exploding or bursting

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

chafesnounUS /tʃeɪfs/

plural of “chafe” — soreness and warmth caused by friction

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

ChannelnounUS /ˈtʃænəl/

a path over which electrical signals can pass

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

chordnounUS /kɔːrd/

a straight line connecting two points on a curve

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

cleaving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

climbverbUS /klaɪm/

go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

combe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

convergeverbUS /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

be adjacent or come together

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

crampedadjectiveUS /kræmpt/

constricted in size

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

dinglenounUS /ˈdɪŋɡəl/

a small wooded hollow

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

farmhousenounUS /ˈfɑːrmhaʊs/

house for a farmer and family

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

flashverbUS /flæʃ/

gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

fleetsnounUS /fliːts/

plural of “fleet” — group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

flightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

foamnounUS /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

formationnounUS /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

gleamsnounUS /ɡliːmz/

plural of “gleam” — an appearance of reflected light

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

gliddery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

gorgeverbUS /ɡɔːrdʒ/

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

high-pitchedadjective

used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

leapsnounUS /liːps/

plural of “leap” — a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

millionnounUS /ˈmɪljən/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

nearsverbUS /nɪrz/

third-person singular of “near” — move towards

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

pasturing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

pilesnounUS /paɪlz/

venous swelling external or internal to the anal sphincter

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

ravinenounUS /rəˈviːn/

a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

shinglenounUS /ˈʃɪŋɡəl/

building material used as siding or roofing

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

slabsnounUS /slæbz/

plural of “slab” — block consisting of a thick piece of something

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

slatesnounUS /sleɪts/

plural of “slate” — (formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

slipverbUS /slɪp/

move stealthily

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

steeplyadverbUS /ˈstiːpli/

in a steep manner

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

stretchverbUS /stretʃ/

occupy a large, elongated area

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

tors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

Tossil's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

trout-stream

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

uncommonadjectiveUS /ənˈkɑːmən/

not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

upsidenounUS /ˈʌpˈsaɪd/

the highest or uppermost side of anything

From this reading The mountain sides from right and left, straight as if struck by rule, steeply converge, like a high-pitched roof turned upside down; so steep indeed that none can climb them.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

velvetnounUS /ˈvelvət/

a silky densely piled fabric with a plain back

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Along the deep bottom gleams a silver chord, where the cramped stream chafes its way, bedded and banked in stone, without a blade of green.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From top to bottom of this huge ravine there is no growth, no rocks, no cliffs, no place to stay the foot, but all a barren, hard, grey stretch of shingle, slates, and gliddery stones: as if the ballast of ten million fleets had been shot in two enormous piles, and were always on the slip.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading About half a mile from Tossil’s Barton (the farmhouse where we lived) there is a valley, or rather a vast ravine, of a very uncommon formation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading A narrow winding rocky combe, where slabs, and tors, and boulder stones, seem pasturing on the velvet grass, or looking into the bright trout-stream, which leaps down a flight of steps without a tree to shade its flash and foam; this narrow, but glad dingle, as it nears the sea, bursts suddenly back into a desert gorge, cleaving the heights that front the Bristol Channel.

Chapter 16 of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) by R. D. (Richard Doddridge) Blackmore holds 57 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 16 holds 57 sentences of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) by R. D. (Richard Doddridge) Blackmore exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 57 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3)?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) by R. D. (Richard Doddridge) Blackmore on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3)?

Yes. All 2958 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41020 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41020, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) take to read?

About 246 minutes of reading across 592 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Describe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Myself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Already
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clara Vaughan, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.