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Clarissa
Clarissa

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Clarissa is here in full — 708 sentences across 142 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/141 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.
_Introduction_ BY R. F. BRISSENDEN.
Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.
Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.
Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Clarissa

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Clarissa is here in full — 708 sentences across 142 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/141 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.
Line 2
_Introduction_ BY R. F. BRISSENDEN.
Line 3
Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.
Line 4
Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.
Line 5
Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Friedman noun US /ˈfriːdmən/

United States economist noted as a proponent of monetarism and for his opposition to government intervention in the economy (born in 1912)

From this reading “Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.”

Michigan noun US /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

Minnesota noun US /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/

a midwestern state

Postscript noun US /ˈpoʊskrɪpt/

a note appended to a letter after the signature

From this reading “SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.”

Powell noun US /ˈpaʊəl/

United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff; later served as Secretary of State under President George W. Bush (born 1937)

From this reading “Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.”

Princeton noun US /ˈprɪnstən/

a university town in central New Jersey

reprint noun US /riˈprɪnt/

a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale

From this reading “Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.”

Sutherland noun US /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading “Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

second edition noun + noun

In this reading “Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.”

twelve months noun + noun counted as “twelve month”

In this reading “Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.”

consisting merely verb + particle counted as “consist merely”

In this reading “Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.”

first edition adjective + noun

In this reading “Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.”

brought out verb + adjective counted as “bring out”

make visible

In this reading “Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

1747

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

1748

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

1749

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

additionaladjectiveUS /əˈdɪʃənəl/

further or added

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

AndrewsnounUS /ˈændruːz/

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Angeles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

BoysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

BRISSENDEN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Introduction_ BY R. F. BRISSENDEN.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

ButtverbUS /bʌt/

lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Introduction_ BY R. F. BRISSENDEN.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

ChicagonounUS /ʃəˈkɑːɡoʊ/

largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

CLARISSA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

ClarknounUS /klɑːrk/

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

Clifford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Cohen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

consistingverbUS /kənˈsɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “consist” — originate

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

DavisnounUS /ˈdeɪvəs/

English navigator who explored the Arctic while searching for the Northwest Passage (1550-1605)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Dearing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

editionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Edna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Everett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading _Introduction_ BY R. F. BRISSENDEN.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

FriedmannounUS /ˈfriːdmən/

United States economist noted as a proponent of monetarism and for his opposition to government intervention in the economy (born in 1912)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

HintsnounUS /hɪnts/

plural of “hint” — an indirect suggestion

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

I-IV

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

instalments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

IntroductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading _Introduction_ BY R. F. BRISSENDEN.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

JrnounUS /ˈdʒuːnjər/

a son who has the same first name as his father

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Landa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

LawrencenounUS /ˈlɔːrəns/

Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the church's treasure and when he responded by presenting the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

LibrarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Los

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Maximillian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

MemorialnounUS /məˈmɔːriəl/

a recognition of meritorious service

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

MichigannounUS /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

MinernounUS /ˈmaɪnər/

laborer who works in a mine

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

MinnesotanounUS /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/

a midwestern state

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

MonknounUS /mʌŋk/

a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

MoorenounUS /mʊr/

United States composer of works noted for their use of the American vernacular (1893-1969)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Novak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

PostscriptnounUS /ˈpoʊskrɪpt/

a note appended to a letter after the signature

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

PowellnounUS /ˈpaʊəl/

United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff; later served as Secretary of State under President George W. Bush (born 1937)

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

PrefacenounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

Prefaces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

PrincetonnounUS /ˈprɪnstən/

a university town in central New Jersey

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading _Introduction_ BY R. F. BRISSENDEN.

Ralph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

reprintnounUS /riˈprɪnt/

a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

RICHARDSONnounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdsən/

United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

SAMUELnounUS /ˈsæmjuːl/

(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king

From this reading SAMUEL RICHARDSON, _CLARISSA:_ Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and Postscript.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

SutherlandnounUS /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Swedenberg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

VIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

Vinton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

VolumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

Warburton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ James Sutherland, _University College, London_ H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ Edna C. Davis, _Clark Memorial Library_ The seven volumes of the first edition of _Clarissa_ were published in three instalments during the twelve months from December 1747 to December 1748.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

Wm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ Earl R. Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Richardson wrote a Preface for Volume I and a Postscript for Volume VII, and William Warburton supplied an additional Preface for Volume III (or IV).[1] A second edition, consisting merely of a reprint of Volumes I-IV was brought out in 1749.

Chapter 1 of Clarissa by Samuel Richardson holds 708 sentences, grouped into 142 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Clarissa contain?

Chapter 1 holds 708 sentences of Clarissa, unabridged, divided into 142 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Clarissa by Samuel Richardson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 708 sentences, grouped into 142 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Clarissa?

Work through the 142 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 142 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Clarissa

Common questions about reading Clarissa by Samuel Richardson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Clarissa?

Yes. All 708 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29964 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Clarissa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29964, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Clarissa take to read?

About 59 minutes of reading across 142 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Clarissa section by section

How to work through Clarissa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Clarissa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Clarissa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Clarissa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Samuel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clarissa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Richardson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clarissa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clarissa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clarissa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clarissa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.