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Clarissa Harlowe
Clarissa Harlowe

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Clarissa Harlowe is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MISS HOWE, TO MISS CLARISSA HARLOWE.
SUNDAY, MARCH 19.
I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.
I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.
And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Clarissa Harlowe

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Clarissa Harlowe is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MISS HOWE, TO MISS CLARISSA HARLOWE.
Line 2
SUNDAY, MARCH 19.
Line 3
I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.
/aɪ beɡ jɔːr ˈpɑːrdən maɪ ˈdɪrəst frend fɔːr ˈhævɪŋ ˈɡɪvən juː əˈkeɪʒən tuː riˈmaɪnd miː ʌv ðə deɪt ʌv maɪ læst/
Line 4
I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.
Line 5
And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

certainty noun US /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading “I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.”

howe noun US /haʊ/

United States editor (1920-1993)

From this reading “MISS HOWE, TO MISS CLARISSA HARLOWE.”

observations noun US /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading “I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.”

persecutors noun US /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtərz/

plural of “persecutor” — someone who torments

From this reading “And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.”

rave verb US /reɪv/

participate in an all-night techno dance party

From this reading “And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.”

remind verb US /riˈmaɪnd/

put in the mind of someone

From this reading “I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.”

workings noun US /ˈwɜːrkɪŋz/

the internal mechanism of a device

From this reading “I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.”

yielded verb US /ˈjiːldɪd/

past form of “yield” — be the cause or source of

From this reading “I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

19

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SUNDAY, MARCH 19.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

begverbUS /beɡ/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

CLARISSA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MISS HOWE, TO MISS CLARISSA HARLOWE.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

dearestnounUS /ˈdɪrəst/

a beloved person; used as terms of endearment

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

HARLOWE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MISS HOWE, TO MISS CLARISSA HARLOWE.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

HOWEnounUS /haʊ/

United States editor (1920-1993)

From this reading MISS HOWE, TO MISS CLARISSA HARLOWE.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

MARCHverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading SUNDAY, MARCH 19.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

MISSverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading MISS HOWE, TO MISS CLARISSA HARLOWE.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

observationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

pardonverbUS /ˈpɑːrdən/

accept an excuse for

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

persecutorsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtərz/

plural of “persecutor” — someone who torments

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

persuadedverbUS /pərˈsweɪdɪd/

past form of “persuade” — win approval or support for

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

raveverbUS /reɪv/

participate in an all-night techno dance party

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

remindverbUS /riˈmaɪnd/

put in the mind of someone

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

stupidadjectiveUS /ˈstuːpəd/

lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

SUNDAYnounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading SUNDAY, MARCH 19.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MISS HOWE, TO MISS CLARISSA HARLOWE.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

verilyadverb

in truth; certainly

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

workingsnounUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋz/

the internal mechanism of a device

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading And indeed what can I write that I have not already written?--You know, that I can do nothing but rave at your stupid persecutors: and that you don't like.

yieldedverbUS /ˈjiːldɪd/

past form of “yield” — be the cause or source of

From this reading I was willing to have before me as much of the workings of your wise relations as possible; being verily persuaded, that one side or the other would have yielded by this time: and then I should have had some degree of certainty to found my observations upon.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I beg your pardon, my dearest friend, for having given you occasion to remind me of the date of my last.

Chapter 31 of Clarissa Harlowe by Samuel Richardson holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Clarissa Harlowe contain?

Chapter 31 holds 66 sentences of Clarissa Harlowe, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Clarissa Harlowe by Samuel Richardson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Clarissa Harlowe?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Clarissa Harlowe

Common questions about reading Clarissa Harlowe by Samuel Richardson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Clarissa Harlowe?

Yes. All 3786 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9296 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Clarissa Harlowe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9296, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Clarissa Harlowe take to read?

About 315 minutes of reading across 758 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Clarissa Harlowe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Clarissa Harlowe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Clarissa Harlowe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Behaviour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clarissa Harlowe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Solmes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clarissa Harlowe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Presence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clarissa Harlowe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tender
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clarissa Harlowe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.