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Clash of Arms: A Romance
Clash of Arms: A Romance

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Clash of Arms: A Romance is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
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INNOCENT.
When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!
A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.
The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.
Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Clash of Arms: A Romance

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Clash of Arms: A Romance is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INNOCENT.
/ˈɪnəsənt/
Line 2
When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!
Line 3
A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.
Line 4
The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.
/ðə ˈenəmi wɑːz ˈðerfɔːr stɪl ɪn ælˈsɑːs ənd ˈbrændənbərɡ wɑːz ˈdrɔːɪŋ ˈnɪrər deɪ baɪ deɪ/
Line 5
Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.
/ˈoʊvər fræns ðer jet ˈhʌvərd ðə ˌɪmˈpendɪŋ ˈʃæd.oʊ ʌv ˈfɜːrðər ˌɪnˈveɪʒən ənd dɪˈfiːt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alsace noun US /ælˈsɑːs/

a region of northeastern France famous for its wines

From this reading “The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.”

Brandenburg noun US /ˈbrændənbərɡ/

the territory of an Elector (of the Holy Roman Empire) that expanded to become the kingdom of Prussia in 1701

From this reading “The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.”

defeat noun US /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading “Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.”

hovered verb US /ˈhʌvərd/

past form of “hover” — be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action

From this reading “Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.”

impending adjective US /ˌɪmˈpendɪŋ/

close in time; about to occur

From this reading “Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.”

invasion noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading “Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.”

pursue verb US /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading “A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.”

weakened adjective US /ˈwiːkənd/

impaired by diminution

From this reading “A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fell back verb + particle

In this reading “A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.”

by day preposition + noun

In this reading “The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

AlsacenounUS /ælˈsɑːs/

a region of northeastern France famous for its wines

From this reading The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

boughtverbUS /bɑːt/

inflected form of “buy” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

Bournonville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

BrandenburgnounUS /ˈbrændənbərɡ/

the territory of an Elector (of the Holy Roman Empire) that expanded to become the kingdom of Prussia in 1701

From this reading The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

hoveredverbUS /ˈhʌvərd/

past form of “hover” — be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

impendingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpendɪŋ/

close in time; about to occur

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

INNOCENTadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading INNOCENT.

invasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

OverprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

previouslyadverbUS /ˈpriːviəsli/

at an earlier time or formerly

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

rollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The enemy was, therefore, still in Alsace, and Brandenburg was drawing nearer day by day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

Turenne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

weakenedadjectiveUS /ˈwiːkənd/

impaired by diminution

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the roll was called that night in the French army it was seen how hardly the victory had been bought, if victory it was!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A doubtful one, indeed, since Turenne had not been able to pursue the enemy for long with his weakened army, and, as he fell back upon the position which he had previously occupied, so De Bournonville did the same.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Over France there yet hovered the impending shadow of further invasion and defeat.

Chapter 11 of Clash of Arms: A Romance by John Bloundelle-Burton holds 148 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Clash of Arms: A Romance contain?

Chapter 11 holds 148 sentences of Clash of Arms: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Clash of Arms: A Romance by John Bloundelle-Burton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 148 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Clash of Arms: A Romance?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #52586, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Clash of Arms: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Clash of Arms: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Carnaciere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clash of Arms: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chasque
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clash of Arms: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Donneroit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clash of Arms: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Peine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Clash of Arms: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.