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Great Expectations
Great Expectations

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Great Expectations is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.
The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.
I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.
Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.
For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Great Expectations

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Great Expectations is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.
/maɪ maɪnd ɡruː ˈveri əˈniːzi ɑːn ðə səbˈdʒekt ʌv ðə peɪl jʌŋ ˈdʒentəlmən/
Line 2
The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.
Line 3
I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.
/aɪ felt ðæt ðə peɪl jʌŋ ˈdʒentəlmʌnz blʌd wɑːz ɑːn maɪ hed ənd ðæt ðə lɔː wʊd əˈvendʒ ɪt/
Line 4
Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.
Line 5
For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.
/fɔːr sʌm deɪz aɪ ˈiːvɪn kept kloʊs æt hoʊm ənd lʊkt aʊt æt ðə ˈkɪtʃən dɔːr wɪð ðə ˈɡreɪtəst ˈkɑːʃən ənd ˌtrepɪˈdeɪʃən bɪˈfɔːr ˈɡoʊɪŋ ɑːn æn ˈerənd lest ðə ˈɔːfəsərz ʌv ðə ˈkaʊnti dʒeɪl ʃʊd paʊns əˈpɑːn miː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

incurred verb US /ˌɪnˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “incur” — make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading “Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.”

penalties noun US /ˈpenəltiz/

plural of “penalty” — the act of punishing

From this reading “Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.”

pounce verb US /paʊns/

move down on as if in an attack

From this reading “For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.”

puffy adjective US /ˈpʌfi/

being puffed out; used of hair style or clothing

From this reading “The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.”

ravaging noun US /ˈrævɪdʒɪŋ/

plundering with excessive damage and destruction

From this reading “Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.”

stalking noun US /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/

a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush

From this reading “Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.”

studious adjective US /ˈstuːdiəs/

marked by care and effort

From this reading “Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.”

trepidation noun US /ˌtrepɪˈdeɪʃən/

a feeling of alarm or dread

From this reading “For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

County Jail noun + noun

In this reading “For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.”

severe punishment adjective + noun

In this reading “Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.”

pounce upon verb + particle

In this reading “For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.”

greatest caution adjective + noun

In this reading “For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.”

definite idea adjective + noun

In this reading “Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.”

various stages adjective + noun counted as “various stage”

In this reading “The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.”

young gentleman adjective + noun

In this reading “My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.”

kitchen door noun + noun

In this reading “For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

avengeverbUS /əˈvendʒ/

take revenge for a perceived wrong

From this reading I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

cautionnounUS /ˈkɑːʃən/

the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

CountynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

definiteadjectiveUS /ˈdefənət/

precise; explicit and clearly defined

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

errandnounUS /ˈerənd/

a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

gentlefolks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

gentleman'snounUS /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

incrimsoned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

incurredverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “incur” — make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

JailnounUS /dʒeɪl/

a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence)

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

LawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.

layingnounUS /ˈleɪɪŋ/

the production of eggs (especially in birds)

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

lestconjunctionUS /lest/

in order that something should not happen

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

penaltiesnounUS /ˈpenəltiz/

plural of “penalty” — the act of punishing

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

pitchingnounUS /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/

(baseball) playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

pounceverbUS /paʊns/

move down on as if in an attack

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

puffyadjectiveUS /ˈpʌfi/

being puffed out; used of hair style or clothing

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

ravagingnounUS /ˈrævɪdʒɪŋ/

plundering with excessive damage and destruction

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

recalledverbUS /rɪˈkɔːld/

past form of “recall” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

stagesnounUS /ˈsteɪdʒəz/

plural of “stage” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

stalkingnounUS /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/

a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

studiousadjectiveUS /ˈstuːdiəs/

marked by care and effort

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

trepidationnounUS /ˌtrepɪˈdeɪʃən/

a feeling of alarm or dread

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

uneasyadjectiveUS /əˈniːzi/

lacking a sense of security or affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I felt that the pale young gentleman’s blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For some days, I even kept close at home, and looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should pounce upon me.

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that something would be done to me.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young gentleman.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment.

Chapter 12 of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Great Expectations contain?

Chapter 12 holds 89 sentences of Great Expectations, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Great Expectations?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Great Expectations

Common questions about reading Great Expectations by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Great Expectations?

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Which edition of Great Expectations is used?

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Vocabulary met early in Great Expectations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Great Expectations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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