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Great Expectations
Great Expectations

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Great Expectations is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.
There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.
The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.
I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.
I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Great Expectations

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Great Expectations is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.
Line 2
There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.
Line 3
The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.
/ðə ˈtʃɪzəl hæd meɪd θriː ɔːr fɔːr ʌv ðiːz əˈtempts æt emˈbelɪʃmənt ˈoʊvər hɪz noʊz bʌt hæd ˈɡɪvən ðem ʌp wɪˈθaʊt æn ˈefərt tuː smuːð ðem ɔːf/
Line 4
I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.
Line 5
I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chipped verb US /tʃɪpt/

inflected form of “chip” — break off (a piece from a whole)

From this reading “Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.”

chisel noun US /ˈtʃɪzəl/

an edge tool with a flat steel blade with a cutting edge

From this reading “Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.”

dimples noun US /ˈdɪmpəlz/

plural of “dimple” — a chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attached

From this reading “There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.”

embellishment noun US /emˈbelɪʃmənt/

elaboration of an interpretation by the use of decorative (sometimes fictitious) detail

From this reading “The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.”

frayed adjective US /freɪd/

worn away or tattered along the edges

From this reading “I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.”

imperfectly adverb US /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪktli/

in an imperfect or faulty way

From this reading “Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.”

remembrances noun US /rɪˈmembrənsɪz/

plural of “remembrance” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading “I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.”

urn noun US /ɜːrn/

a large vase that usually has a pedestal or feet

From this reading “I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

weeping willow adjective + noun

willow with long drooping branches and slender leaves native to China; widely cultivated as an ornamental

In this reading “I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.”

went along verb + particle counted as “go along”

cooperate or pretend to cooperate

In this reading “Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.”

departed friends adjective + noun counted as “departed friend”

In this reading “I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

bachelornounUS /ˈbætʃələr/

a man who has never been married

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

bereavements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

broochnounUS /bruːtʃ/

a decorative pin worn by women

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

CastingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

chippedverbUS /tʃɪpt/

inflected form of “chip” — break off (a piece from a whole)

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

chiselnounUS /ˈtʃɪzəl/

an edge tool with a flat steel blade with a cutting edge

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

dimplesnounUS /ˈdɪmpəlz/

plural of “dimple” — a chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attached

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

dints

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

dull-edged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

embellishmentnounUS /emˈbelɪʃmənt/

elaboration of an interpretation by the use of decorative (sometimes fictitious) detail

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

fineradjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

frayedadjectiveUS /freɪd/

worn away or tattered along the edges

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

imperfectlyadverbUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪktli/

in an imperfect or faulty way

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

instrumentnounUS /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

a device that requires skill for proper use

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

judgedverbUS /dʒʌdʒd/

past form of “judge” — determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

ladenadjectiveUS /ˈleɪdən/

filled with a great quantity

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

mourningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

remembrancesnounUS /rɪˈmembrənsɪz/

plural of “remembrance” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

representingverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

ringsnounUS /rɪŋz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

sealsnounUS /siːlz/

plural of “seal” — fastener consisting of a resinous composition that is plastic when warm; used for sealing documents and parcels and letters

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

softeradjectiveUS /ˈsɑːftər/

comparative of “soft” — yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

staturenounUS /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

sustainedadjectiveUS /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

tombnounUS /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

urnnounUS /ɜːrn/

a large vase that usually has a pedestal or feet

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

watch-chain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I noticed, too, that several rings and seals hung at his watch-chain, as if he were quite laden with remembrances of departed friends.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

weepingadjectiveUS /ˈwiːpɪŋ/

showing sorrow

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

Wemmick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

willownounUS /ˈwɪloʊ/

any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The chisel had made three or four of these attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up without an effort to smooth them off.

woodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have sustained a good many bereavements; for he wore at least four mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping willow at a tomb with an urn on it.

Chapter 21 of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Great Expectations contain?

Chapter 21 holds 103 sentences of Great Expectations, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Great Expectations?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Great Expectations by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Great Expectations?

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Which edition of Great Expectations is used?

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Vocabulary met early in Great Expectations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Great Expectations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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