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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CX

Chapter 110 of Les Misérables is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Les Misérables
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.
The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.
Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.
A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.
There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CX

Chapter 110 of Les Misérables is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.
Line 2
The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.
/ðə ˈɔːθər ʌv ðɪs bʊk huː rɪˈɡrets ðə nəˈsesəti ʌv ˈmenʃənɪŋ hɪmˈself hæz bɪn ˈæbsənt frʌm ˈperɪs fɔːr ˈmeni jɪrz/
Line 3
Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.
Line 4
A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.
/ə nuː ˈsɪti hæz ərˈɪzən wɪtʃ ɪz ˈæftər ə ˈfæʃən ənˈnoʊn tuː hɪm/
Line 5
There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.
/ðer ɪz noʊ niːd fɔːr hɪm tuː seɪ ðæt hiː lʌvz ˈperɪs ˈperɪs ɪz hɪz maɪndz ˈneɪtəl ˈsɪti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

absent adjective US /ˈæbsənt/

not being in a specified place

From this reading “The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.”

arisen verb US /ərˈɪzən/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.”

mentioning verb US /ˈmenʃənɪŋ/

-ing form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading “The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.”

mind's noun US /maɪndz/

possessive form of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

natal adjective US /ˈneɪtəl/

relating to or accompanying birth

From this reading “There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.”

peruse verb US /pərˈuːz/

examine or consider with attention and in detail

From this reading “An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.”

regrets noun US /rɪˈɡrets/

a polite refusal of an invitation

From this reading “The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.”

transformed adjective US /trænˈsfɔːrmd/

given a completely different form or appearance

From this reading “Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.”

becomes necessary verb + adjective counted as “become necessary”

In this reading “An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.”

after a fashion preposition + article + noun counted as “after … fashion”

to some extent; not very well

In this reading “A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.”

met with verb + particle counted as “meet with”

In this reading “An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.”

in view preposition + noun

In this reading “An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

absentadjectiveUS /ˈæbsənt/

not being in a specified place

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

arisenverbUS /ərˈɪzən/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.

lovesnounUS /lʌvz/

plural of “love” — a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

mentioningverbUS /ˈmenʃənɪŋ/

-ing form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

mind'snounUS /maɪndz/

possessive form of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

nataladjectiveUS /ˈneɪtəl/

relating to or accompanying birth

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

peruseverbUS /pərˈuːz/

examine or consider with attention and in detail

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

quitted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

regretsnounUS /rɪˈɡrets/

a polite refusal of an invitation

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is no need for him to say that he loves Paris: Paris is his mind’s natal city.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

transformedadjectiveUS /trænˈsfɔːrmd/

given a completely different form or appearance

From this reading Paris has been transformed since he quitted it.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading A new city has arisen, which is, after a fashion, unknown to him.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading An observation here becomes necessary, in view of the pages which the reader is about to peruse, and of others which will be met with further on.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself, has been absent from Paris for many years.

Chapter 110 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 110 of Les Misérables contain?

Chapter 110 holds 66 sentences of Les Misérables, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 110 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 110 of Les Misérables?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 110 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 110 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Les Misérables

Common questions about reading Les Misérables by Victor Hugo on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Les Misérables?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Les Misérables is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Les Misérables take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Les Misérables section by section

How to work through Les Misérables section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Les Misérables

Words and structures a reader meets early in Les Misérables, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.