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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CLXXXVI

Chapter 186 of Les Misérables is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Les Misérables
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.
All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.
M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.
Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.
He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CLXXXVI

Chapter 186 of Les Misérables is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.
Line 2
All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.
Line 3
M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.
Line 4
Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.
Line 5
He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Anarchist noun US /ˈænərkɪst/

an advocate of anarchism

From this reading “Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.”

Chartist noun US /ˈtʃɑːrtɪst/

a 19th century English reformer who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people

From this reading “Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.”

hating verb US /ˈheɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “hate” — dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards

From this reading “He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.”

legitimacy noun US /ləˈdʒɪtəməsi/

lawfulness by virtue of being authorized or in accordance with law

From this reading “He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.”

monarchy noun US /ˈmɑːnɑːrki/

an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

From this reading “He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.”

mos noun US /mɔːs/

plural of “mo” — an indefinitely short time

mosses noun US /ˈmɔːsəz/

plural of “moss” — tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading “He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.”

Royalist noun US /ˈrɔɪəlɪst/

an advocate of the principles of monarchy

From this reading “Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

political opinions adjective + noun counted as “political opinion”

In this reading “On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.”

passionate love adjective + noun

In this reading “M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.”

without distinction preposition + noun

In this reading “All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.”

all sorts adjective + noun counted as “all sort”

In this reading “He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.”

approve of verb + particle

In this reading “On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.”

real state adjective + noun

In this reading “On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.”

turn over verb + particle

place into the hands or custody of

In this reading “He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

32

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

AnarchistnounUS /ˈænərkɪst/

an advocate of anarchism

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

approveverbUS /əˈpruːv/

give sanction to

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

approvedadjectiveUS /əˈpruːvd/

established by authority; given authoritative approval

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

Bonapartist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

bouquinist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

CertainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

charmingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/

pleasing or delighting

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

charterverbUS /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

ChartistnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrtɪst/

a 19th century English reformer who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

collectornounUS /kəˈlektər/

a person who collects things

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

democracynounUS /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/

the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

Eumenidesnoun

(classical mythology) the hideous snake-haired monsters (usually three in number) who pursued unpunished criminals

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

folios

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

Furies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

grassesnounUS /ˈɡræsəz/

plural of “grass” — narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

hatingverbUS /ˈheɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “hate” — dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

heapsnounUS /hiːps/

a large number or amount

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

indifferencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns/

unbiased impartial unconcern

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

ist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

legitimacynounUS /ləˈdʒɪtəməsi/

lawfulness by virtue of being authorized or in accordance with law

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

Mabeuf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

Mabeuf's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

Marius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

monarchynounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrki/

an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

mosnounUS /mɔːs/

plural of “mo” — an indefinitely short time

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

mossesnounUS /ˈmɔːsəz/

plural of “moss” — tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

Orleanistnoun

a supporter of the Orleans branch of the Bourbons that was descended from a younger brother of Louis XIV

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

passionateadjectiveUS /ˈpæʃənət/

having or expressing strong emotions

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading M. Mabeuf’s political opinion consisted in a passionate love for plants, and, above all, for books.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

republicnounUS /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

RoyalistnounUS /ˈrɔɪəlɪst/

an advocate of the principles of monarchy

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

shrubsnounUS /ʃrʌbz/

plural of “shrub” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

sillyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪli/

ludicrous, foolish

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

stuffnounUS /stʌf/

the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

terminationnounUS /tərməˈneɪʃən/

a coming to an end of a contract period

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: “Certainly I approve of political opinions,” he expressed the real state of his mind.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and heaps of folios, and even of 32mos, which they might turn over.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading All political opinions were matters of indifference to him, and he approved them all, without distinction, provided they left him in peace, as the Greeks called the Furies “the beautiful, the good, the charming,” the Eumenides.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Like all the rest of the world, he possessed the termination in _ist_, without which no one could exist at that time, but he was neither a Royalist, a Bonapartist, a Chartist, an Orleanist, nor an Anarchist; he was a _bouquinist_, a collector of old books.

Chapter 186 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo holds 81 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 186 of Les Misérables contain?

Chapter 186 holds 81 sentences of Les Misérables, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 186 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 81 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 186 of Les Misérables?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Les Misérables

Words and structures a reader meets early in Les Misérables, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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