Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CXCVIII

Chapter 198 of Les Misérables is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Les Misérables
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.
The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.
These works are superposed one upon the other.
There are superior mines and inferior mines.
There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CXCVIII

Chapter 198 of Les Misérables is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.
/ˈhjuːmən səˈsaɪətiz ɔːl hæv wʌt ɪz kɔːld ɪn θiˈætrɪkəl ˈpɑːrləns ə θɜːrd ˈloʊər flɔːr/
Line 2
The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.
/ðə ˈsoʊʃəl sɔɪl ɪz ˈevriwer ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd səmˈtaɪmz fɔːr ɡʊd səmˈtaɪmz fɔːr ˈiːvəl/
Line 3
These works are superposed one upon the other.
Line 4
There are superior mines and inferior mines.
/ðer ɑːr suːˈpɪriər maɪnz ənd ˌɪnˈfɪriər maɪnz/
Line 5
There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

inferior adjective US /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading “There are superior mines and inferior mines.”

mines noun US /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading “There are superior mines and inferior mines.”

obscure verb US /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading “There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.”

parlance noun US /ˈpɑːrləns/

a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

From this reading “Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.”

societies noun US /səˈsaɪətiz/

plural of “society” — an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading “Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.”

theatrical adjective US /θiˈætrɪkəl/

of or relating to the theater

From this reading “Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.”

trample verb US /ˈtræmpəl/

tread or stomp heavily or roughly

From this reading “There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.”

undermined verb US /ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd/

past form of “undermine” — destroy property or hinder normal operations

From this reading “The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

trample under verb + particle

In this reading “There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.”

lower floor verb + noun

In this reading “Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.”

Human societies adjective + noun counted as “human society”

In this reading “Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.”

gives way verb + noun counted as “give way”

move in order to make room for someone for something

In this reading “There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.”

under foot preposition + noun

In this reading “There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

heedlessnessnoun

a lack of attentiveness (as to children or helpless people)

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

HumanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

indifferencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns/

unbiased impartial unconcern

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

minesnounUS /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

obscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

parlancenounUS /ˈpɑːrləns/

a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

societiesnounUS /səˈsaɪətiz/

plural of “society” — an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

sub-soil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

superposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

theatricaladjectiveUS /θiˈætrɪkəl/

of or relating to the theater

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

trampleverbUS /ˈtræmpəl/

tread or stomp heavily or roughly

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

underminedverbUS /ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd/

past form of “undermine” — destroy property or hinder normal operations

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

Chapter 198 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 198 of Les Misérables contain?

Chapter 198 holds 59 sentences of Les Misérables, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 198 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 198 of Les Misérables?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 198 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 198 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Les Misérables

Common questions about reading Les Misérables by Victor Hugo on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Les Misérables?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Les Misérables is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Les Misérables take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Les Misérables section by section

How to work through Les Misérables section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Les Misérables

Words and structures a reader meets early in Les Misérables, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.