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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Les Misérables is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Les Misérables
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.
Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.
He had not learned to read in his childhood.
When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.
His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Les Misérables is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.
Line 2
Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.
Line 3
He had not learned to read in his childhood.
/hiː hæd nɑːt lɜːrnd tuː red ɪn hɪz ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/
Line 4
When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.
Line 5
His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Brie noun US /briː/

soft creamy white cheese; milder than Camembert

From this reading “Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.”

childhood noun US /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading “He had not learned to read in his childhood.”

contraction noun US /kənˈtrækʃən/

(physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)

From this reading “His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.””

estate noun US /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading “When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.”

Jean noun US /dʒiːn/

a coarse durable twill-weave cotton fabric

From this reading “Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.”

peasant noun US /ˈpezənt/

a country person

From this reading “Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.”

sobriquet noun US /ˈsoʊbrəkeɪ/

a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)

From this reading “His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.””

woke verb US /woʊk/

inflected form of “wake” — be awake, be alert, be there

From this reading “Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

poor peasant adjective + noun

In this reading “Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.”

Towards the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “towards … middle”

In this reading “Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.”

came from verb + particle counted as “come from”

In this reading “Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.

BrienounUS /briː/

soft creamy white cheese; milder than Camembert

From this reading Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

contractionnounUS /kənˈtrækʃən/

(physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

Faverolles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

here's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

JeannounUS /dʒiːn/

a coarse durable twill-weave cotton fabric

From this reading Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

Jeanne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.

Mathieu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

peasantnounUS /ˈpezənt/

a country person

From this reading Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Jean Valjean came from a poor peasant family of Brie.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

sobriquetnounUS /ˈsoʊbrəkeɪ/

a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had not learned to read in his childhood.

TowardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

tree-pruner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.

Valjean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

Vlajean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

voilà

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His mother was named Jeanne Mathieu; his father was called Jean Valjean or Vlajean, probably a sobriquet, and a contraction of _voilà_ Jean, “here’s Jean.”

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he reached man’s estate, he became a tree-pruner at Faverolles.

wokeverbUS /woʊk/

inflected form of “wake” — be awake, be alert, be there

From this reading Towards the middle of the night Jean Valjean woke.

Chapter 21 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo holds 127 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Les Misérables contain?

Chapter 21 holds 127 sentences of Les Misérables, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 127 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Les Misérables?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Les Misérables

Common questions about reading Les Misérables by Victor Hugo on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Les Misérables?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Les Misérables is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Les Misérables take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Les Misérables section by section

How to work through Les Misérables section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Les Misérables

Words and structures a reader meets early in Les Misérables, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.