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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CCCLIV

Chapter 354 of Les Misérables is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Les Misérables
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.
Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.
Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!
Unheard-of conflict!
At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CCCLIV

Chapter 354 of Les Misérables is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.
/ðə oʊld ənd ˈfɔːrmədəbəl ˈstrʌɡəl ʌv wɪtʃ wiː hæv ɔːlˈredi ˈwɪtnəst soʊ ˈmeni ˈfeɪzəz bɪˈɡæn wʌns mɔːr/
Line 2
Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.
/ˈdʒeɪkəb ˈstrʌɡəld wɪð ðə ˈeɪndʒəl bʌt wʌn naɪt/
Line 3
Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!
Line 4
Unheard-of conflict!
Line 5
At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.
/æt ˈsɜːrtən ˈmoʊmənts ðə fʊt slɪps æt ˈʌðər ˈmoʊmənts ðə ɡraʊnd ˈkrʌmbəlz əˈweɪ ˌʌndərˈfʊt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bodily adverb US /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading “Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!”

conflict noun US /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading “Unheard-of conflict!”

crumbles verb US /ˈkrʌmbəlz/

third-person singular of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading “At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.”

formidable adjective US /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading “The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.”

Jacob noun US /ˈdʒeɪkəb/

French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)

From this reading “Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.”

phases noun US /ˈfeɪzəz/

plural of “phase” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading “The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.”

slips noun US /slɪps/

plural of “slip” — a socially awkward or tactless act

From this reading “At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.”

underfoot adverb US /ˌʌndərˈfʊt/

under the feet

From this reading “At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many times adjective + noun

In this reading “Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!”

once more adverb + adjective

anew

In this reading “The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.”

crumbles away verb + particle counted as “crumble away”

In this reading “At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.”

in the darkness preposition + article + noun counted as “in … darkness”

In this reading “Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!”

struggled with verb + particle counted as “struggle with”

In this reading “Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

angelnounUS /ˈeɪndʒəl/

spiritual being attendant upon God

From this reading Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

beheldverbUS /biˈheld/

inflected form of “behold” — see with attention

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading Unheard-of conflict!

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

crumblesverbUS /ˈkrʌmbəlz/

third-person singular of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

desperatelyadverbUS /ˈdespərətli/

with great urgency

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

JacobnounUS /ˈdʒeɪkəb/

French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)

From this reading Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.

JeannounUS /dʒiːn/

a coarse durable twill-weave cotton fabric

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

phasesnounUS /ˈfeɪzəz/

plural of “phase” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

seizedverbUS /siːzd/

past form of “seize” — take hold of; grab

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

slipsnounUS /slɪps/

plural of “slip” — a socially awkward or tactless act

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

struggledverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəld/

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.

strugglingadjectiveUS /ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ/

engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

underfootadverbUS /ˌʌndərˈfʊt/

under the feet

From this reading At certain moments the foot slips; at other moments the ground crumbles away underfoot.

Unheard-ofadjective

previously unknown

From this reading Unheard-of conflict!

Valjean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas! how many times have we beheld Jean Valjean seized bodily by his conscience, in the darkness, and struggling desperately against it!

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Jacob struggled with the angel but one night.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading The old and formidable struggle, of which we have already witnessed so many phases, began once more.

Chapter 354 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo holds 119 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 354 of Les Misérables contain?

Chapter 354 holds 119 sentences of Les Misérables, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 354 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 119 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 354 of Les Misérables?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 354 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 354 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Les Misérables

Common questions about reading Les Misérables by Victor Hugo on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Les Misérables?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Les Misérables is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Les Misérables take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Les Misérables section by section

How to work through Les Misérables section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Les Misérables

Words and structures a reader meets early in Les Misérables, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.