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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter LX

Chapter 60 of Les Misérables is here in full — 279 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/55 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.
These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.
The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.
The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.
This coffer was painted black, and the cabriolet yellow.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter LX

Chapter 60 of Les Misérables is here in full — 279 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.
Line 2
These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.
Line 3
The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.
/ðə wiːlz wɜːr ɑːrmd wɪð ðoʊz lɔːŋ əˈfensɪv ˈæksəlz wɪtʃ kiːp ˈʌðər ˈviːhɪkəlz æt ə ˈdɪstəns ənd wɪtʃ meɪ stɪl biː siːn ɑːn ðə roʊd ɪn ˈdʒɜːrməni/
Line 4
The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.
Line 5
This coffer was painted black, and the cabriolet yellow.
/ðɪs ˈkɔːfər wɑːz ˈpeɪntɪd blæk ənd ðə ˌkæbrioʊˈleɪ ˈjeloʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

axles noun US /ˈæksəlz/

plural of “axle” — a shaft on which a wheel rotates

From this reading “The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.”

cabriolet noun US /ˌkæbrioʊˈleɪ/

small two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage; with two seats and a folding hood

From this reading “This coffer was painted black, and the cabriolet yellow.”

coffer noun US /ˈkɔːfər/

an ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling or dome

From this reading “The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.”

oblong adjective US /ˈɑːblɔːŋ/

(of a leaf shape) having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides

From this reading “The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.”

operated verb US /ˈɑːpəreɪtəd/

past form of “operate” — direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.

From this reading “The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.”

posting noun US /ˈpoʊstɪŋ/

a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement

From this reading “The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.”

sur noun US /sɜːr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading “The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.”

upholstered verb US /əˈpoʊlstərd/

past form of “upholster” — provide furniture with padding, springs, webbing, and covers

From this reading “These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at a distance preposition + article + noun counted as “at … distance”

In this reading “The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.”

on the road preposition + article + noun counted as “on … road”

travelling about

In this reading “The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.”

hung on verb + particle counted as “hang on”

fix to; attach

In this reading “These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

Arrasnoun

a wall hanging of heavy handwoven fabric often with pictorial designs

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

axlesnounUS /ˈæksəlz/

plural of “axle” — a shaft on which a wheel rotates

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading This coffer was painted black, and the cabriolet yellow.

boxnounUS /bɑːks/

a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

cabrioletnounUS /ˌkæbrioʊˈleɪ/

small two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage; with two seats and a folding hood

From this reading This coffer was painted black, and the cabriolet yellow.

cabriolets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

coffernounUS /ˈkɔːfər/

an ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling or dome

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

despatchverb

send away towards a designated goal

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

fawn-coloredadjective

having the color of a fawn

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

insideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

mail-wagons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

oblongadjectiveUS /ˈɑːblɔːŋ/

(of a leaf shape) having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

offensiveadjectiveUS /əˈfensɪv/

violating or tending to violate or offend against

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

operatedverbUS /ˈɑːpəreɪtəd/

past form of “operate” — direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading This coffer was painted black, and the cabriolet yellow.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

postboy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

postingnounUS /ˈpoʊstɪŋ/

a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

seatsnounUS /siːts/

an area that includes places where several people can sit

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

springsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

surnounUS /sɜːr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

travellernounUS /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

two-wheeledadjective

of or relating to vehicles with two wheels

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

upholsteredverbUS /əˈpoʊlstərd/

past form of “upholster” — provide furniture with padding, springs, webbing, and covers

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

vehiclenounUS /ˈviːhɪkəl/

a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading The despatch box, an immense oblong coffer, was placed behind the vehicle and formed a part of it.

vehiclesnounUS /ˈviːhɪkəlz/

plural of “vehicle” — a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The posting service from Arras to M. sur M. was still operated at this period by small mail-wagons of the time of the Empire.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The wheels were armed with those long, offensive axles which keep other vehicles at a distance, and which may still be seen on the road in Germany.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These mail-wagons were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored leather, hung on springs, and having but two seats, one for the postboy, the other for the traveller.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading This coffer was painted black, and the cabriolet yellow.

Chapter 60 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo holds 279 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 60 of Les Misérables contain?

Chapter 60 holds 279 sentences of Les Misérables, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 60 of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 279 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 60 of Les Misérables?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 60 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 60 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Les Misérables

Common questions about reading Les Misérables by Victor Hugo on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Les Misérables?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Les Misérables is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Les Misérables take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Les Misérables section by section

How to work through Les Misérables section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Les Misérables

Words and structures a reader meets early in Les Misérables, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Les Misérables, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.