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Cleopatra
Cleopatra

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Cleopatra is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cleopatra
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.
An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.
For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.
Unhappy, therefore, are the Great, for they may fall!
I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cleopatra

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Cleopatra is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.
Line 2
An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.
Line 3
For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.
/fɔːr tuː kʌm loʊ ˈæftər ˈbiːɪŋ ɡreɪt ɪz tuː lɜːrn ɔːl ʃeɪm/
Line 4
Unhappy, therefore, are the Great, for they may fall!
/ənˈhæpi ˈðerfɔːr ɑːr ðə ɡreɪt fɔːr ðeɪ meɪ fɔːl/
Line 5
I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alabaster noun US /ˈæləbæstər/

a compact fine-textured, usually white gypsum used for carving

From this reading “I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.”

brutish adjective US /ˈbruːtɪʃ/

resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility

From this reading “An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.”

cleopatra noun US /ˌkliːəˈpætrə/

beautiful and charismatic queen of Egypt; mistress of Julius Caesar and later of Mark Antony; killed herself to avoid capture by Octavian (69-30 BC)

From this reading “OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.”

crawled verb US /krɔːld/

past form of “crawl” — move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading “An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.”

eunuch noun US /ˈjuːnək/

a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction

From this reading “OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.”

guards noun US /ɡɑːrdz/

plural of “guard” — a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading “OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.”

roughly adverb US /ˈrʌfli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading “OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.”

treats noun US /triːts/

plural of “treat” — something considered choice to eat

From this reading “An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.

AlabasternounUS /ˈæləbæstər/

a compact fine-textured, usually white gypsum used for carving

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Unhappy, therefore, are the Great, for they may fall!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

badenounUS /beɪd/

a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

BLOWverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

BRENNUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

brutishadjectiveUS /ˈbruːtɪʃ/

resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

CLEOPATRAnounUS /ˌkliːəˈpætrə/

beautiful and charismatic queen of Egypt; mistress of Julius Caesar and later of Mark Antony; killed herself to avoid capture by Octavian (69-30 BC)

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.

crawledverbUS /krɔːld/

past form of “crawl” — move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

cur-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

eunuchnounUS /ˈjuːnək/

a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Unhappy, therefore, are the Great, for they may fall!

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.

GUARDSnounUS /ɡɑːrdz/

plural of “guard” — a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

HARMACHIS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

kneesnounUS /niːz/

plural of “knee” — hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Unhappy, therefore, are the Great, for they may fall!

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

REPROACHnounUS /riˈproʊtʃ/

a mild rebuke or criticism

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

roughlyadverbUS /ˈrʌfli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

scornnounUS /skɔːrn/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

SECRETnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

shamenounUS /ʃeɪm/

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading For to come low after being great is to learn all shame.

shoulderverbUS /ˈʃoʊldər/

lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

slavenounUS /sleɪv/

a person who is owned by someone

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

SPEECHnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

STRUGGLEverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Unhappy, therefore, are the Great, for they may fall!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Unhappy, therefore, are the Great, for they may fall!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

treatedadjectiveUS /ˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

treatsnounUS /triːts/

plural of “treat” — something considered choice to eat

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

UnhappyadjectiveUS /ənˈhæpi/

experiencing or marked by or causing sadness or sorrow or discontent

From this reading Unhappy, therefore, are the Great, for they may fall!

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading OF THE REPROACH OF HARMACHIS; OF THE STRUGGLE OF HARMACHIS WITH THE GUARDS; OF THE BLOW OF BRENNUS; AND OF THE SECRET SPEECH OF CLEOPATRA And at length, all being gone, I, too, turned to go, when a eunuch struck me on the shoulder and roughly bade me wait on the presence of the Queen.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading I turned upon the slave with so fierce a word that, cur-like, he sprang behind me; then I passed on to the Alabaster Hall, and was admitted by the guards.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading An hour past this fellow would have crawled to me on his knees; but he had heard, and now he treated me--so brutish is the nature of such slaves--as the world treats the fallen, with scorn.

Chapter 20 of Cleopatra by H. Rider (Henry Rider) Haggard holds 166 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Cleopatra contain?

Chapter 20 holds 166 sentences of Cleopatra, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Cleopatra by H. Rider (Henry Rider) Haggard exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 166 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Cleopatra?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cleopatra

Common questions about reading Cleopatra by H. Rider (Henry Rider) Haggard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cleopatra?

Yes. All 4941 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2769 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cleopatra is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2769, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cleopatra take to read?

About 411 minutes of reading across 989 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cleopatra section by section

How to work through Cleopatra section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Cleopatra to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cleopatra

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cleopatra, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Osiris
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cleopatra; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sleeps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cleopatra; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Abouthis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cleopatra; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Write
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cleopatra; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.