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Cliges: A Romance
Cliges: A Romance

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Forthwith the Greeks rise.
Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.
Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.
For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.
He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cliges: A Romance

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Forthwith the Greeks rise.
/ˈfɔːrˈθwɪθ ðə ɡriːks raɪz/
Line 2
Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.
Line 3
Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.
/ˌæləɡˈzændər ɪz ˈwelkəm fɔːr ðer ɪz noʊ læk ʌv ɔːt ðæt hiː ˈwɪʃɪz nɔːr ɪz ðer ˈeni ˈbærən ɪn ðə kɔːrt soʊ haɪ ðæt hiː dʌz nɑːt spiːk hɪm fer ənd ˈwelkəm hɪm/
Line 4
For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.
Line 5
He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alexander noun US /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading “Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.”

aught noun US /ɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading “Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.”

Blithe adjective US /blaɪð/

lacking or showing a lack of due concern

From this reading “Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.”

boastful adjective US /ˈboʊstfəl/

exhibiting self-importance

From this reading “For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.”

doth auxiliary verb US /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading “For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.”

Forthwith adverb US /ˈfɔːrˈθwɪθ/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading “Forthwith the Greeks rise.”

Gawain noun US /ˈɡɑːwən/

(Arthurian legend) a nephew of Arthur and one of the knights of the Round Table

From this reading “He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.”

Greeks noun US /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading “Forthwith the Greeks rise.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

aughtnounUS /ɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

baronnounUS /ˈbærən/

a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.

BlitheadjectiveUS /blaɪð/

lacking or showing a lack of due concern

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

boastfuladjectiveUS /ˈboʊstfəl/

exhibiting self-importance

From this reading For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

courteouslyadverb

in a polite manner

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

dothauxiliary verbUS /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

ForthwithadverbUS /ˈfɔːrˈθwɪθ/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Forthwith the Greeks rise.

GawainnounUS /ˈɡɑːwən/

(Arthurian legend) a nephew of Arthur and one of the knights of the Round Table

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Forthwith the Greeks rise.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading Forthwith the Greeks rise.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Forthwith the Greeks rise.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Blithe are they for that the king has thus courteously kept them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He makes himself known to Sir Gawain and to the others one by one.

vauntnoun

extravagant self-praise

From this reading For he is not foolish nor boastful nor doth he vaunt his noble birth.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

wishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading Alexander is welcome; for there is no lack of aught that he wishes nor is there any baron in the Court so high that he does not speak him fair and welcome him.

Chapter 2 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 147 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Cliges: A Romance contain?

Chapter 2 holds 147 sentences of Cliges: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 147 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Cliges: A Romance?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cliges: A Romance

Common questions about reading Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cliges: A Romance?

Yes. All 1980 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cliges: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2414, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cliges: A Romance take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 396 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cliges: A Romance section by section

How to work through Cliges: A Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cliges: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cliges: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Trans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gardiner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.