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Cliges: A Romance
Cliges: A Romance

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cliges: A Romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Now is the emperor mocked.
Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.
When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.
"As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.
At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cliges: A Romance

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Now is the emperor mocked.
/naʊ ɪz ðə ˈempərər mɑːkt/
Line 2
Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.
Line 3
When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.
Line 4
"As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.
Line 5
At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bedtime noun US /ˈbedtaɪm/

the time you go to bed

From this reading “When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.”

benediction noun US /ˌbenəˈdɪkʃən/

the act of praying for divine protection

From this reading “Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.”

bishops noun US /ˈbɪʃəps/

plural of “bishop” — a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading “Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.”

consecration noun US /ˌkɑːnsəˈkreɪʃən/

a solemn commitment of your life or your time to some cherished purpose (to a service or a goal)

From this reading “Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.”

embraced verb US /emˈbreɪst/

past form of “embrace” — include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading “"As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.”

lied noun US /laɪd/

a German art song of the 19th century for voice and piano

From this reading “"As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.”

mocked verb US /mɑːkt/

past form of “mock” — treat with contempt

From this reading “Now is the emperor mocked.”

potion noun US /ˈpoʊʃən/

a medicinal or magical or poisonous beverage

From this reading “At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abbots

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

alarmnounUS /əˈlɑːrm/

fear resulting from the awareness of danger

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

bedtimenounUS /ˈbedtaɪm/

the time you go to bed

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

behoved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

benedictionnounUS /ˌbenəˈdɪkʃən/

the act of praying for divine protection

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

bishopsnounUS /ˈbɪʃəps/

plural of “bishop” — a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

consecrationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəˈkreɪʃən/

a solemn commitment of your life or your time to some cherished purpose (to a service or a goal)

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

embracedverbUS /emˈbreɪst/

past form of “embrace” — include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

emperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Now is the emperor mocked.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now is the emperor mocked.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

lestconjunctionUS /lest/

in order that something should not happen

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

liednounUS /laɪd/

a German art song of the 19th century for voice and piano

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

maidennounUS /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

mockedverbUS /mɑːkt/

past form of “mock” — treat with contempt

From this reading Now is the emperor mocked.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now is the emperor mocked.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

potionnounUS /ˈpoʊʃən/

a medicinal or magical or poisonous beverage

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Now is the emperor mocked.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

thereinadverbUS /ðeˈrɪn/

(formal) in or into that thing or place

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading "As it behoved him"--therein have I lied, for he never embraced or touched her though they lay together in one bed.

tremblesnoun

disease of livestock and especially cattle poisoned by eating certain kinds of snakeroot

From this reading At first the maiden trembles; for greatly does she fear and feel alarm lest the potion take no effect.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Many bishops and abbots there were at the benediction and consecration of the bed.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When it was bedtime the emperor, as it behoved him, lay with his wife that night.

Chapter 8 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 153 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Cliges: A Romance contain?

Chapter 8 holds 153 sentences of Cliges: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 153 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Cliges: A Romance?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cliges: A Romance

Common questions about reading Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cliges: A Romance?

Yes. All 1980 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cliges: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2414, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cliges: A Romance take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 396 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cliges: A Romance section by section

How to work through Cliges: A Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Cliges: A Romance to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cliges: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cliges: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Trans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gardiner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.