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Cliges: A Romance
Cliges: A Romance

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 79 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cliges: A Romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.
There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.
In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.
In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.
But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cliges: A Romance

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 79 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.
Line 2
There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.
Line 3
In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.
Line 4
In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.
/ɪn sʌtʃ waɪz wɑːz ðə dʒaʊst ərˈeɪndʒd ðæt ɪt wɑːz tuː læst fɔːr deɪz/
Line 5
But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barons noun US /ˈbærənz/

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading “In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.”

demeaned verb US /dɪˈmiːnd/

past form of “demean” — reduce in worth or character, usually verbally

From this reading “There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.”

joust noun US /dʒaʊst/

a combat between two mounted knights tilting against each other with blunted lances

From this reading “In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.”

lacks noun US /læks/

plural of “lack” — the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading “But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.”

lordly adjective US /ˈlɔːrdliː/

of or befitting a lord

From this reading “There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.”

persistently adverb US /pərˈsɪstəntli/

in a persistent manner

From this reading “In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.”

retinue noun US /ˈretənuː/

the group following and attending to some important person

From this reading “In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.”

tournament noun US /ˈtʊrnəmənt/

a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading “In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

baronsnounUS /ˈbærənz/

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

Cliges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

demeanedverbUS /dɪˈmiːnd/

past form of “demean” — reduce in worth or character, usually verbally

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

Fenice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

inquiredverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərd/

past form of “inquire” — address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

joustnounUS /dʒaʊst/

a combat between two mounted knights tilting against each other with blunted lances

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

lacksnounUS /læks/

plural of “lack” — the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

lodgingnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪŋ/

structures collectively in which people are housed

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

lordlyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːrdliː/

of or befitting a lord

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

persistentlyadverbUS /pərˈsɪstəntli/

in a persistent manner

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

retinuenounUS /ˈretənuː/

the group following and attending to some important person

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

sojourns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

tarries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

thinksnounUS /θɪŋks/

plural of “think” — an instance of deliberate thinking

From this reading There he has demeaned himself in lordly fashion in a fine lodging at a great cost, but he thinks ever of Fenice; never does he forget her for an hour.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

tournamentnounUS /ˈtʊrnəmənt/

a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

Wallingford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And Cliges has crossed the sea and has come to Wallingford.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the place where he sojourns and tarries, his retinue, as he had commanded, have inquired and questioned persistently till they heard told and related that the barons of King Arthur and the king, himself, in person, had set on foot a tournament in the plains before Oxford which is near Wallingford.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But Cliges will be able to take time to arm his body if he lacks anything meanwhile; for there were more than fifteen whole days to the tournament.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading In such wise was the joust arranged that it was to last four days.

Chapter 10 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 79 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Cliges: A Romance contain?

Chapter 10 holds 79 sentences of Cliges: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 79 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Cliges: A Romance?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cliges: A Romance

Common questions about reading Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cliges: A Romance?

Yes. All 1980 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cliges: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2414, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cliges: A Romance take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 396 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cliges: A Romance section by section

How to work through Cliges: A Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Cliges: A Romance to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cliges: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cliges: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Trans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gardiner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.