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Cliges: A Romance
Cliges: A Romance

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.
From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.
As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.
Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.
Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cliges: A Romance

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.
/nekst deɪ ðə naɪts rɪˈtɜːrn tuː ɑːrmz əˈlɜːrt ənd strɔːŋ/
Line 2
From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.
Line 3
As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.
Line 4
Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.
/ˈfɔːrˈθwɪθ hæz hiː ˈrɪdən fɔːrθ frʌm ðə ræŋk ɑːn ə ˈsɔːrəl ˈspænɪʃ stiːd ənd hɪz ˈɑːrmər wɑːz red/
Line 5
Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.
/ðen ðeɪ wʌn ənd ɔːl rɪˈɡɑːrd hɪm wɪð ɡreɪt ˈwʌndər mɔːr ðæn ðeɪ ˈevər dɪd bɪˈfɔːr ənd seɪ ðæt ˈnevər bɪˈfɔːr dɪd ðeɪ siː soʊ ˈkʌmli ə naɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

array noun US /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading “From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.”

comely adjective US /ˈkʌmli/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading “Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.”

longs verb US /lɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “long” — desire strongly or persistently

From this reading “As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.”

renown noun US /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading “From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.”

ridden verb US /ˈrɪdən/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading “Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.”

rides noun US /raɪdz/

plural of “ride” — a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile)

From this reading “From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.”

sorrel adjective US /ˈsɔːrəl/

of a light brownish color

From this reading “Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.”

steed noun US /stiːd/

(literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading “Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

alertadjectiveUS /əˈlɜːrt/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

armournounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

Cliges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

comelyadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmli/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

ForthwithadverbUS /ˈfɔːrˈθwɪθ/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

longsverbUS /lɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “long” — desire strongly or persistently

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

Percival

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

renownnounUS /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

riddenverbUS /ˈrɪdən/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

ridesnounUS /raɪdz/

plural of “ride” — a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile)

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

sorreladjectiveUS /ˈsɔːrəl/

of a light brownish color

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

steednounUS /stiːd/

(literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading Forthwith has he ridden forth from the rank on a sorrel, Spanish steed; and his armour was red.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Next day the knights return to arms, alert and strong.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading As soon as Cliges saw him ride forth and heard the truth as to his name--for he heard him called Percival--he greatly longs to encounter him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

Welshmannoun

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading From the array before Oxford rides out a knight of great renown; Percival the Welshman, was he called.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading Then they, one and all, regard him with great wonder, more than they ever did before and say that never before did they see so comely a knight.

Chapter 11 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 166 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Cliges: A Romance contain?

Chapter 11 holds 166 sentences of Cliges: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 166 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Cliges: A Romance?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cliges: A Romance

Common questions about reading Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cliges: A Romance?

Yes. All 1980 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cliges: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2414, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cliges: A Romance take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 396 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cliges: A Romance section by section

How to work through Cliges: A Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Cliges: A Romance to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cliges: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cliges: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Trans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gardiner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.