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Cliges: A Romance
Cliges: A Romance

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cliges: A Romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.
The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.
At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.
There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.
He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cliges: A Romance

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Cliges: A Romance is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.
Line 2
The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.
/ðə naɪts wɜːr ˈseɪtɪd ənd ˈwɪri wɪð ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ənd hæv ˈiːtən ənd drʌŋk ɪn ðə naɪt tɪl ðeɪ ɔːl leɪ əˈsliːp təˈɡeðər/
Line 3
At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.
Line 4
There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.
/ðer wɑːz nɑːt naɪt ɔːr ˈsɜːrvənt huː ˈevər nuː wʌt hæd bɪˈkʌm ʌv hɪm/
Line 5
He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.
/hiː dɪd nɑːt rest tɪl hiː keɪm tuː dʒɑːn huː ɡɪvz hɪm ɔːl ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ðæt hiː kæn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

counsel noun US /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading “He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.”

eaten verb US /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading “The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.”

knights noun US /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading “Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.”

mourning noun US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

From this reading “The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.”

sated verb US /ˈseɪtɪd/

past form of “sate” — fill to satisfaction

From this reading “The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.”

steals noun US /stiːlz/

plural of “steal” — an advantageous purchase

From this reading “At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.”

tapers noun US /ˈteɪpərz/

plural of “taper” — a convex shape that narrows toward a point

From this reading “Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.”

tomb noun US /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading “Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.

Cliges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.

counselnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.

drunkadjectiveUS /drʌŋk/

stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

Fenice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

mourningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.

satedverbUS /ˈseɪtɪd/

past form of “sate” — fill to satisfaction

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

stealsnounUS /stiːlz/

plural of “steal” — an advantageous purchase

From this reading At night Cliges steals forth from the court and from all the folk.

tapersnounUS /ˈteɪpərz/

plural of “taper” — a convex shape that narrows toward a point

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He did not rest till he came to John, who gives him all the counsel that he can.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

tombnounUS /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Fenice is in the tomb, until it came to dark night; but thirty knights guard her, and there are ten tapers burning, and they made a great light.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

wearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There was not knight or servant who ever knew what had become of him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The knights were sated and weary with mourning, and have eaten and drunk in the night till they all lay asleep together.

Chapter 13 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 52 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Cliges: A Romance contain?

Chapter 13 holds 52 sentences of Cliges: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 52 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Cliges: A Romance?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cliges: A Romance

Common questions about reading Cliges: A Romance by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cliges: A Romance?

Yes. All 1980 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cliges: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2414, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cliges: A Romance take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 396 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cliges: A Romance section by section

How to work through Cliges: A Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Cliges: A Romance to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cliges: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cliges: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Trans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gardiner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cliges: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.