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Clio
Clio

Chapter III

Cover illustration for Clio
Context Illustration Reading 1/120 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FRA AMBROGIO.
Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!
FARINATA.
Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.
And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Clio

Chapter III

Reading 1/120 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FRA AMBROGIO.
Line 2
Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!
Line 3
FARINATA.
Line 4
Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.
Line 5
And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!”

Alas exclamation US /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading “Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!”

Craft noun US /kræft/

a boat or ship in this chapter’s sailing situation

From this reading “Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!”

Worthy adjective US /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading “And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.”

All words in this reading · 43

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

affection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

AMBROGIO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRA AMBROGIO.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.

caused

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

cost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

craftnounUS /kræft/

a boat or ship in this chapter’s sailing situation

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

deeds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

examples

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

Farinata

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

Florentines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.

FRA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRA AMBROGIO.

inspired

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

lives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

love

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

Messer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

perform

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

pitiless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

serve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

sons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

strong

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

ten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

thousand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

violence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading And the deeds it inspired me to perform are worthy to serve as examples to our sons and our sons' sons.

Yes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yes, my affection for my city was as strong as that, Fra Ambrogio.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Alas, Messer Farinata, your pitiless love caused violence and craft to take arms against the city and cost the lives of ten thousand Florentines!