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Colomba
Colomba

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Colomba is here in full — 76 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.
He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.
Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.
On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.
But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Colomba

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Colomba is here in full — 76 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.
Line 2
He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.
Line 3
Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.
Line 4
On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.
Line 5
But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disciplinarian noun US /ˌdɪsɪplɪˈneriən/

someone who demands exact conformity to rules and forms

From this reading “But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.”

Eagles noun US /ˈiːɡəlz/

plural of “eagle” — any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading “Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.”

inflexible adjective US /ˌɪnˈfleksəbəl/

incapable of change

From this reading “But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.”

mainland noun US /ˈmeɪnlænd/

the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula

From this reading “On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.”

Pisa noun US /ˈpiːsə/

a city in Tuscany; site of the famous Leaning Tower

From this reading “He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.”

pursue verb US /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading “He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.”

severity noun US /sɪˈverɪti/

used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather

From this reading “But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.”

studies noun US /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading “He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1815

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

colonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

disciplinariannounUS /ˌdɪsɪplɪˈneriən/

someone who demands exact conformity to rules and forms

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

EaglesnounUS /ˈiːɡəlz/

plural of “eagle” — any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

Ghilfuccio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

inflexibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfleksəbəl/

incapable of change

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

intervalsnounUS /ˈɪntərvəlz/

plural of “interval” — a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

mainlandnounUS /ˈmeɪnlænd/

the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

Orso

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

partedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːrtɪd/

having a margin incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

Pietranera

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

PisanounUS /ˈpiːsə/

a city in Tuscany; site of the famous Leaning Tower

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

severitynounUS /sɪˈverɪti/

used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

sub-lieutenant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

ThenceadverbUS /ðens/

from that place or that time

From this reading Thence he had passed into the military school, and Ghilfuccio, meanwhile, was bearing the Imperial Eagles all over Europe.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Orso had been parted from his father at so early an age that he had scarcely had time to know him.

treatedadjectiveUS /ˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading On the mainland, Orso only saw his father at rare intervals, and it was not until 1815 that he found himself in the regiment he commanded.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He had left Pietranera to pursue his studies at Pisa when he was only fifteen.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading But the colonel, who was an inflexible disciplinarian, treated his son just like any other sub-lieutenant--in other words, with great severity.

Chapter 10 of Colomba by Prosper Mérimée holds 76 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Colomba contain?

Chapter 10 holds 76 sentences of Colomba, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Colomba by Prosper Mérimée exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 76 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Colomba?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Colomba

Common questions about reading Colomba by Prosper Mérimée on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Colomba?

Yes. All 3313 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2708 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Colomba is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2708, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Colomba take to read?

About 276 minutes of reading across 663 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Colomba section by section

How to work through Colomba section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Colomba to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Colomba

Words and structures a reader meets early in Colomba, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vendetta
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Colomba; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sigur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Colomba; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vasta
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Colomba; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anche
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Colomba; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.