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Combat
Combat

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Combat is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Combat
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.
_An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.
And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.
He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Combat

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Combat is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.
Line 2
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.
Line 3
_An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.
/æn ˈeɪliən ˈlændɪŋ ɑːn ɜːrθ maɪt biː ˈredəli mɪˈsled ˈvɪktəmaɪzd baɪ ə ˌwʌnˈsaɪdəd ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/
Line 4
And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.
Line 5
He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.
/hiː nɑːkt æt ðə dɔːr ənd pʊʃt hɪz weɪ θruː bɪˈfɔːr ˈweɪtɪŋ ə rɪˈspɑːns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Analog noun US /ˈænəlɔːɡ/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading “This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.”

copyright noun US /ˈkɑːpiraɪt/

a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work

From this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.”

misled verb US /mɪˈsled/

inflected form of “mislead” — lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions

From this reading “_An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.”

one-sided adjective US /ˌwʌnˈsaɪdəd/

not reversible or capable of having either side out

From this reading “_An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.”

progressing verb US /prəˈɡresɪŋ/

-ing form of “progress” — develop in a positive way

From this reading “And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.”

uncover verb US /ənˈkʌvər/

remove all or part of one's clothes to show one's body

From this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.”

victimized adjective US /ˈvɪktəmaɪzd/

(of persons) taken advantage of

From this reading “_An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.”

viewpoint noun US /ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/

a mental position from which things are viewed

From this reading “_An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on Earth preposition + noun

used with question words to convey surprise

In this reading “_An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.”

knocked at verb + particle counted as “knock at”

In this reading “He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.”

any evidence adjective + noun

In this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.”

at the door preposition + article + noun counted as “at … door”

In this reading “He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.”

called out verb + adjective counted as “call out”

utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

In this reading “And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.”

produced from verb + particle counted as “produce from”

In this reading “This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1960

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

aislenounUS /aɪl/

a long narrow passage (as in a cave or woods)

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

AlienadjectiveUS /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

AnalognounUS /ˈænəlɔːɡ/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

copyrightnounUS /ˈkɑːpiraɪt/

a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

desknounUS /desk/

a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

EarthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

Earthmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

etext

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

ExtensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

FactnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

FictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

greetingnounUS /ˈɡriːtɪŋ/

(usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

knockedverbUS /nɑːkt/

past form of “knock” — deliver a sharp blow or push

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

Kuran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

landingnounUS /ˈlændɪŋ/

an intermediate platform in a staircase

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

misledverbUS /mɪˈsled/

inflected form of “mislead” — lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

nodverbUS /nɑːd/

express or signify by nodding

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

one-sidedadjectiveUS /ˌwʌnˈsaɪdəd/

not reversible or capable of having either side out

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

progressingverbUS /prəˈɡresɪŋ/

-ing form of “progress” — develop in a positive way

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

pushedverbUS /pʊʃt/

past form of “push” — move with force

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

renewedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

researchnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

responsenounUS /rɪˈspɑːns/

a result

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

SciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

uncoververbUS /ənˈkʌvər/

remove all or part of one's clothes to show one's body

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

victimizedadjectiveUS /ˈvɪktəmaɪzd/

(of persons) taken advantage of

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

viewpointnounUS /ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/

a mental position from which things are viewed

From this reading _An Alien landing on Earth might be readily misled, victimized by a one-sided viewpoint.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This etext was produced from Analog Science Fact & Fiction October 1960.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He knocked at the door and pushed his way through before waiting a response.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading And then again ... it might be the Earthmen who were misled...._ Henry Kuran answered a nod here and there, a called out greeting from a desk an aisle removed from the one along which he was progressing, finally made the far end of the room.

Chapter 1 of Combat by Mack Reynolds holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Combat contain?

Chapter 1 holds 403 sentences of Combat, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Combat by Mack Reynolds exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Combat?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Combat

Common questions about reading Combat by Mack Reynolds on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Combat?

Yes. All 1616 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30712 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Combat is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30712, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Combat take to read?

About 134 minutes of reading across 324 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Combat section by section

How to work through Combat section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Combat to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Combat

Words and structures a reader meets early in Combat, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Etext
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Combat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Combat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Analog
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Combat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Science
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Combat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.